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991.
Occurrence of arsenic in brown rice and its relationship to soil properties from Hainan Island, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fu Y Chen M Bi X He Y Ren L Xiang W Qiao S Yan S Li Z Ma Z 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1757-1762
The acquaintance of arsenic concentrations in rice grain is vital in risk assessment. In this study, we determined the concentration of arsenic in 282 brown rice grains sampled from Hainan Island, China, and discussed its possible relationships to the considered soil properties. Arsenic concentrations in the rice grain from Hainan Island varied from 5 to 309 μg/kg, with a mean (92 μg/kg) lower than most published data from other countries/regions and the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Asi in rice. The result of correlation analysis between grain and soil properties showed that grain As concentrations correlated significantly to soil arsenic speciation, organic matter and soil P contents and could be best predicted by humic acid bound and Fe-Mn oxides bound As fractions. Grain arsenic rises steeply at soil As concentrations lower than 3.6 mg/kg and gently at higher concentrations. 相似文献
992.
993.
Yu YX Huang NB Zhang XY Li JL Yu ZQ Han SY Lu M Van de Wiele T Wu MH Sheng GY Fu JM 《Chemosphere》2011,83(2):152-160
The concentrations of PBDEs in 299 vegetable and animal-based food samples of 31 species, collected in Shanghai, China, and the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in part of the samples were determined. The PBDE concentrations ranged from 0 to 1245.4 pg g−1 with animal-based food containing more PBDEs than vegetables. The bioaccessibility of PBDEs, determined by a method simulating human gastrointestinal digestion process, were from 2.6% to 39.9% in vegetables, and from 5.2% to 105.3% in animal-based food. For animal-based food, good correlations were observed between the bioaccessibility of PBDEs and the fat content, thus the fat content in animal-based food was able to be used to estimate the bioaccessibility of PBDEs. The total daily intake of PBDEs via ingestion of vegetables and animal-based food for an average Shanghai resident was estimated as 13 235.7 and 13 668.0 pg d−1, respectively, but the amounts available for human absorption were reduced to 2674.4 and 4316.6 pg d−1 after the PBDE bioaccessibility was considered. Finally, the contributions of different food groups to the total daily intake of PBDEs were evaluated. The results revealed that, when not considering the bioaccessibility of PBDEs, vegetables were the leading contributor (49.2%), followed by fish (34.0%). However, the sequence was reversed after the PBDE bioaccessibility was taken into account. The results indicated that human exposure to PBDEs via food ingestion might have been significantly overestimated and the exposure assessment could be misleading if the bioaccessibility of PBDEs was not considered. 相似文献
994.
混凝-超滤短流程工艺处理北方水库原水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用混凝-超滤膜短流程工艺对大伙房水库原水进行处理,考察其除污染性能和膜污染情况,并对该短流程工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,当利用超滤膜直接过滤原水时,膜污染较重,并且对污染物质的去除率较低;而采用混凝.超滤短流程工艺时,膜污染得到一定程度上的缓解;当絮凝剂投加量为7mg/L、膜清洗周期为30min时,对浊度、CODMn和UV254的去除率分别为95.61%、40.42%和37.12%,出水水质能够满足生活饮用水卫生标准。 相似文献
995.
研究了Mg2+对克雷伯氏菌NIII2及其诱变株NIII2-1、NIII2-2发酵产絮凝剂特性的影响作用。实验表明,发酵液未外加或投加较少量Mg2+时,3菌株均不分泌黄色物质,且易产酸,致使絮凝剂产量低,小于1.5 g/L。发酵液中加入Mg2+的浓度在0.5~0.7 mmol/L范围,絮凝剂产生时,伴随黄色分泌物出现,发酵液p H稳定在7.5左右,同时絮凝剂产量大大提高,可达9.7 g/L。未投加Mg2+,3菌株所产絮凝剂Zeta电位负值较大,分别为-59.2、-56.6、-52.1 m V,且蛋白质与糖含量比值小于0.5,絮凝活性低;而投加Mg2+所产絮凝剂Zeta电位值可升至-48.0 m V,3菌株所产絮凝剂中蛋白和糖含量比值分别可提高到1.87、3.29、2.03,对高岭土所产生的SS去除率均大于93%。未投加Mg2+时,诱变株NIII2-1、NIII2-2所产絮凝剂含有相当多的O-链接和N-链接的结构,而其他情况下所产絮凝剂则主要是O-链接结构。 相似文献
996.
Junwei Ma Hui Lin Wanchun Sun Qiang Wang Qiaogang Yu Yuhua Zhao Jianrong Fu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7436-7448
This study investigated soil microbial responses to the application of tetracycline (TC), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) alone and in combination in a soil culture pot experiment conducted at Hangzhou, China. Multiple approaches were applied for a better and complete depiction. Among the three antibiotics, SMM has a lowest dissipation and shows a most dramatic inhibition on microbial community and metabolism diversity. The combined application (AM) of SMM, CIP, and TC improved the dissipation of each antibiotic; similarly, SMM- and CIP-resistant bacteria showed larger populations in the AM than all single applications. Soils accumulated a large content of NO3–N at day 20 after multi-antibiotics perturbation. All antibiotics stimulated soil basal respirations and inhibited soil metabolism diversity, whereas the interruption exerted by SMM and AM lasted for a longer time. Six nitrogen-cycling genes including chiA, amoA, nifH, nirK, nirS, and narG were quantified and found to decrease owing to both single- and multi-antibiotics perturbation. Overall, AM was most interruptive for soils, followed by SMM perturbation, while other antibiotics could be less interruptive. These results provide systematic insights into how soil microbial systems would shift under each single- or multi-antibiotics perturbation. 相似文献
997.
998.
Long Fu Thompson Nunifu Bonnie Leung 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(10):1195-1203
A method for transforming continuous monitoring (CM) fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm; PM2.5) data (i.e., by tapered element oscillating microbalance [TEOM]) obtained from the Canadian National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) program to meet the data quality objective (DQO) of R2 > 0.8 against the co-located federal reference method (i.e., dichotomous air sampler) is described. By using a two-step linear regression to account for the effect of the ambient temperature, 16 out of the 23 examined sites met the common model adequacy threshold of R2 > 0.8. After the transformation, 20 out of the 23 examined sites met the DQO of R2 > 0.7, as recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A combined two-step statistical approach was also examined and revealed similar results. The methods described herein show that the CM data can be successfully transformed to meet DQOs for representative sites across Canada using year-round (both summer and winter) data.
Implications:This study provides a transformation approach to correct ambient TEOM data against the federal reference method without dividing the ambient data according to warm and cold seasons. This transformation approach will significantly improve the correlation coefficient between TEOM and dichotomous air sampler data. It is possible that TEOM data at many Canadian locations can be transformed to meet the EPA data quality objective, thus making this transformation approach useful for comparisons of ambient PM data across jurisdictions. 相似文献
999.
1000.