Dissipation and residue of triforine in strawberry and soil

Two independent field trials were performed in Guangdong and Hubei, China in 2011 to investigate the dissipation and residue levels of triforine in strawberry and soil. A fast and simple method using gas chromatography with electron capture detector was developed and validated to determine triforine levels in strawberry and soil. The average recovery of triforine in strawberry ranged from 87.46 to 104.32 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.72 to 4.54 %; that in soil ranged from 83.82 to 103.01 % with an RSD of 3.89 to 4.36 %. The limit of quantification of the proposed method was 0.01 mg/kg for both strawberry and soil. The results suggest that the triforine dissipation curves followed the first-order kinetic. The half-lives of triforine in strawberry from Guangdong and Hubei were 3.58 and 4.42 days, respectively; those in soil were 3.53 and 4.10 days, respectively. The terminal residues of triforine in strawberry ranged from 0.032 to 0.264 mg/kg at preharvest intervals of 0.5, 1, and 3 days. These values are lower than the maximum residue limit of 1 mg/kg in strawberry set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.     

Effects of payments for ecosystem services on wildlife habitat recovery

Conflicts between local people's livelihoods and conservation have led to many unsuccessful conservation efforts and have stimulated debates on policies that might simultaneously promote sustainable management of protected areas and improve the living conditions of local people. Many government‐sponsored payments‐for‐ecosystem‐services (PES) schemes have been implemented around the world. However, few empirical assessments of their effectiveness have been conducted, and even fewer assessments have directly measured their effects on ecosystem services. We conducted an empirical and spatially explicit assessment of the conservation effectiveness of one of the world's largest PES programs through the use of a long‐term empirical data set, a satellite‐based habitat model, and spatial autoregressive analyses on direct measures of change in an ecosystem service (i.e., the provision of wildlife species habitat). Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat improved in Wolong Nature Reserve of China after the implementation of the Natural Forest Conservation Program. The improvement was more pronounced in areas monitored by local residents than those monitored by the local government, but only when a higher payment was provided. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of a PES program depends on who receives the payment and on whether the payment provides sufficient incentives. As engagement of local residents has not been incorporated in many conservation strategies elsewhere in China or around the world, our results also suggest that using an incentive‐based strategy as a complement to command‐and‐control, community‐ and norm‐based strategies may help achieve greater conservation effectiveness and provide a potential solution for the park versus people conflict.     

复合型CoO/TiO2光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝动力学研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体，采用溶胶凝胶法，制备了CoO掺杂的TiO2光催化剂。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-vis DRS）对催化剂进行了分析、表征。以中压汞灯为光源，研究了亚甲基蓝（MB）在CoO/TiO₂微粒水悬浮液中的降解动力学。结果表明：所制备的催化剂活性组分主要是锐钛矿型的二氧化钛和CoO固溶体，粒径为25～30 nm，分布均匀。亚甲基蓝的光催化降解动力学满足一级动力学，在一定的浓度范围内，反应速率常数随初始浓度增大而减少，适当的掺钴量可以有效地提高TiO₂光催化活性，其最佳掺杂量重量百分比为0.25%。     

Sources of Fine Particulate Species in Ambient Air over Lake Champlain Basin,VT

Abstract

This study is a part of an ongoing investigation of the types and locations of emission sources that contribute fine particulate air contaminants to Underhill, VT. The air quality monitoring data used for this study are from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments network for the period of 2001–2003 for the Underhill site. The main source-receptor modeling techniques used are the positive matrix factorization (PMF) and potential source contribution function (PSCF). This new study is intended as a comparison to a previous study of the 1988–1995 Underhill data that successfully revealed a total of 11 types of emission sources with significant contributions to this rural site. This new study has identified a total of nine sources: nitrate-rich secondary aerosol, wood smoke, East Coast oil combustion, automobile emission, metal working, soil/dust, sulfur-rich aerosol type I, sulfur-rich aerosol type II, and sea salt/road salt. Furthermore, the mass contributions from the PMF identified sources that correspond with sampling days with either good or poor visibility were analyzed to seek possible correlations. It has been shown that sulfur-rich aerosol type I, nitrate aerosol, and automobile emission are the most important contributors to visibility degradation. Soil/dust and sea salt/road salt also have an added effect.     

Characterization of the extracellular biodemulsifiers secreted by Bacillus cereus LH-6 and the enhancement of demulsifying efficiency by optimizing the cultivation conditions

A highly efficient demulsifying strain, LH-6, was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and identified as Bacillus cereus by 16S rDNA gene analysis. It achieved 95.61 and 95.40 % demulsifying ratios within 12 h for water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) model emulsions, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detections indicated that the LH-6’s extracellular biodemulsifiers were different types of lipopeptides for the W/O and O/W emulsions. Optimization of the culture medium composition was conducted to improve the biosynthesis and demulsifying efficiency of the biodemulsifier. The optimal carbon source was liquid paraffin, while waste frying oil could also be an alternative carbon source. The optimal nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate and yeast extract. To further enhance the biodemulsifier efficiency, the optimal cultivation conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotation design (CCRD). Using the optimized cultivation conditions, the demulsifying ratios increased to 98.23 and 97.65 % for the W/O and O/W model emulsions, respectively.     

青岛市开展重金属废水自动监测工作探索

简述了青岛市开展重金属自动监测的要求与现状,分析了开展重金属自动监测的优势与存在问题,在介绍青岛市相关工作对策和措施的同时,对重金属废水自动监测系统建设、设备选型、监控平台建设、运行维护管理等提出建议。     

环糊精聚合物对苯胺的吸附和脱附性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，合成和表征了β-环糊精聚合物(β-CDP)，从动力学和热力学角度研究了β-CDP对苯胺的吸附性能。研究结果表明，β-CDP对水溶液中的苯胺具有一定的吸附量。用Langmuir, Freundlich和DubininRadushkevich(D-R)吸附等温式拟合了平衡等温数据，并计算出每个模型的参数。苯胺在β-CDP上的吸附符合D-R方程，吸附过程是热力学自发行为。在乙醇中，β-CDP的脱附能力很强，且可循环使用多次。     

Impacts of land use change on ecosystem service value in Lijiang River Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is of great significance for the coordinated development of the environment and the economy to study the impact of the human driving factors of...     

Removal of SO2 from smelting flue gas by using copper tailings with MnSO4: factors optimization by response surface methodology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The abatement of SO2 and the utilization of copper tailings are identified as two attention-attracting environmental issues in the copper smelter. In...     

3种内筒溢流型溶气罐结构改进设计方案的溶气性能对比分析

溶气罐是溶气释放式微气泡发生系统的关键设备,其中内筒溢流型溶气罐具有结构简单、成泡粒径小等优点.提出了3种内筒溢流型溶气罐的结构改进设计方案,并对其在不同操作参数下的溶气性能进行了对比分析.为克服通过测量释气量间接表征溶气量所带来的系统误差,建立了在线带压测量溶解氧的方法,并以空气在水中溶解量的变化率(即溶气效率)来直接表征溶气罐的溶气性能.结果表明:溶气效率随气液比和溶气压力的增大而增加,随液位比的升高而减小;在相同气液比、液位比及溶气压力下,气液切向进口加螺旋导叶片型溶气罐的溶气效率最高.采用响应曲面法对溶气性能相对最佳的内筒溢流型溶气罐的操作参数进行优化,预测最高溶气效率为72.43％时的最佳操作参数为:气液比为0.25,液位比为0.36,溶气压力为0.26 MPa.所得回归模型预测值与实测值的相对误差为0.87％,表明该模型可较好地分析和预测溶气罐的溶气性能.