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排序方式: 共有143条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Alessandro Tugnoli Gabriele Landucci Ernesto Salzano Valerio Cozzani 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(5):830-842
Effective support of inherent safety implementation in process design requires a quantitative metric for monitoring and communicating the expected safety performance of alternative design options. The Inherent Safety Key Performance Indicators (IS-KPIs) methodology was developed to provide both a flexible procedure for the identification of the hazards, and a sound consequence-based quantification of the safety performance. The integration of different hazard identification techniques yields the relevant accident scenarios for each unit in the plant. The calculation of credible damage distances by consolidate consequence simulation models provides a sound basis for the definition of the KPIs based on worst case effects. Specific indicators were devoted to hazards from external actions, as natural events and intentional malicious acts. The methodology was demonstrated by the comparison of alternative technological options for LNG regasification. The application evidenced the potential of the IS-KPI method in pinpointing the critical issues related to each alternative configuration. 相似文献
72.
Julia Jaenicke Henk Wösten Arif Budiman Florian Siegert 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(3):223-239
Extensive degradation of Indonesian peatlands by deforestation, drainage and recurrent fires causes release of huge amounts
of peat soil carbon to the atmosphere. Construction of drainage canals is associated with conversion to other land uses, especially
plantations of oil palm and pulpwood trees, and with widespread illegal logging to facilitate timber transport. A lowering
of the groundwater level leads to an increase in oxidation and subsidence of peat. Therefore, the groundwater level is the
main control on carbon dioxide emissions from peatlands. Restoring the peatland hydrology is the only way to prevent peat
oxidation and mitigate CO2 emissions. In this study we present a strategy for improved planning of rewetting measures by dam constructions. The study
area is a vast peatland with limited accessibility in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Field inventory and remote sensing data
are used to generate a detailed 3D model of the peat dome and a hydrological model predicts the rise in groundwater levels
once dams have been constructed. Successful rewetting of a 590 km2 large area of drained peat swamp forest could result in
mitigated emissions of 1.4–1.6 Mt CO2 yearly. This equates to 6% of the carbon dioxide emissions by civil aviation in the European Union in 2006 and can be achieved
with relatively small efforts and at low costs. The proposed methodology allows a detailed planning of hydrological restoration
of peatlands with interesting impacts on carbon trading for the voluntary carbon market. 相似文献
73.
Chelli–Cheheb Razika Arzarello Marta Arnaud Julie Berto Claudio Cáceres Isabel Caracausi Sandro Colopi Francesco Daffara Sara Canini Guido Montanari Huguet Rosa Karambatsou Theodora Sala Benedetto Zambaldi Maurizio Berruti Gabriele L. F. 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2020,107(4):1-13
The Science of Nature - Female-only colour polymorphism is rare in birds, but occurs in brood parasitic cuckoos (Cuculidae). Obligate brood parasites leave incubation and parental care to other... 相似文献
74.
Gabriele Gerlach Andrea Hodgins-Davis Bradley MacDonald Rebecca C. Hannah 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(11):1765-1770
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae prefer the olfactory cues of kin to non-kin. We examined the potential benefits of kin preference by comparing growth
rate, shoaling, and aggressive behavior in juvenile zebrafish housed in groups of either familiar kin or unfamiliar non-kin.
Over an observation period of 5 days, the animals grew 33% more in kin groups; however, neither shoaling nor the frequency
of aggressive interactions was different in groups of related versus unrelated individuals. Shoaling behavior increased with
increasing observation time and increasing age, while aggressive behavior remained the same. We conclude that associating
with kin probably creates a less stressful environment that allows for higher growth rates, which can lead to higher direct
fitness based on increased survival and earlier reproduction. Kin recognition leading to kin-structured groups may therefore
be under positive selection. 相似文献
75.
Stefan H. Nessler Gabriele Uhl Jutta M. Schneider 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(3):355-362
Sperm competition is a potent driving force in evolution leading to a remarkable variety of male adaptations that prevent
or reduce fertilization by rivals. An extraordinary defensive strategy against sperm competition has evolved in a number of
web spiders where males break off parts of their paired genitalia in order to obstruct the copulatory openings of females
(mating plug). A recent comparative analysis on the family level reports that genital damage is most frequent in species with
sexual cannibalism although, as yet, a functional association between sexual cannibalism and genital damage has not been found.
Using the moderately sexually cannibalistic orb-web spider Argiope lobata, we show for the first time that males cannibalized during their first copulation damaged their pedipalps with significantly
higher probability (74%) than males that escaped (15%). Of all males that damaged their genitalia, 44% were able to place
a genital fragment inside the copulatory opening of the female, resulting in a relatively low total plugging rate of 14%.
Successful obstruction of the female copulatory opening reduced the share of paternity of subsequent males (P
2 = 0.06%), thus, indicating that genital damage may have evolved as a response to sperm competition in this species as well.
However, the low incidence of successful plugging and the strong relationship between sexual cannibalism and genital damage
suggest that apart from paternity protection, the nature of genital damage in A. lobata is further shaped by sexual conflict or cryptic female choice. 相似文献
76.
Lamparter Gabriele Nobrega Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra Kovacs Kristof Amorim Ricardo Santos Gerold Gerhard 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):91-103
Regional Environmental Change - This study presents the setup, calibration, validation and scenario application of the soil and water assessment tool for two contrasting macro-catchments along the... 相似文献
77.
Floral colour patterns are contrasting colour patches on flowers, a part of the signalling apparatus that was considered to display shape and colour signals used by flower-visitors to detect flowers and locate the site of floral reward. Here, we show that flower-naïve bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) spontaneously direct their approach towards the outside margin of artificial flowers, which provides contrast between these dummy flowers and the background. If no floral guides are present, the bumblebees continue to approach the margin and finally touch the marginal area of the dummy flower with the tips of their antennae. Whilst approaching dummy flowers that also have a central floral guide, the bumblebees change their direction of flight: Initially, they approach the margin, later they switch to approaching the colour guide, and finally they precisely touch the floral guide with their antennae. Variation of the shape of equally sized dummy flowers did not alter the bumblebees’ preferential orientation towards the guide. Using reciprocal combinations of guide colour and surrounding colour, we showed that the approach from a distance towards the corolla and the antennal contact with the guide are elicited by the same colour parameter: spectral purity. As a consequence, the dummy flowers eliciting the greatest frequency of antennal reactions at the guide are those that combine a floral guide of high spectral purity with a corolla of less spectral purity. Our results support the hypothesis that floral guides direct bumblebees’ approaches to the site of first contact with the flower, which is achieved by the tips of the antennae.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
78.
79.
Leonardo Marotta Luigi Ceccaroni Gabriele Matteucci Paolo Rossini Stefano Guerzoni 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(3):393-405
This paper describes a decision-support system based on landscape ecology and focused on the study of ecosystems’ health.
System capabilities are illustrated with three cases of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), in the Adriatic Sea (Italy):
the lagoon of Venice and the Rimini and Ancona coastal areas. Indicators and indices are developed with a focus on sub-regional
and local problems in coastal management, with a multi-scale approach based on landscape and seascape ecology. Land-use changes
of the coastal areas were detected by analyzing two sets of satellite images. Indices combining satellite imagery, socio-economic
and environmental indicators, and landscape and seascape maps were created, showing ecological changes, habitat loss and gaps
in conservation policy. The approach used provides means for the identification of conflicts and for the assessment of sustainability.
Results show that the lagoon of Venice plays an important role in mitigating and compensating the impacts of human activities,
and needs to be protected and restored. The Rimini area shows high ecological footprint and development-intensity and low
biocapacity. The Ancona area needs the protection of its natural coastal space from potential sources of anthropogenic impacts
to maintain its sustainability. A model of environment changes is critical for formulating effective environmental policies
and management strategies. The developed decision-support system provides a suitability map per each area analyzed, which
can be used in order to maximize different policy objectives and reduce coastal conflicts. 相似文献
80.
Andrea Battistone Gabriele Buttinelli Paolo Bonomo Stefano Fiore Concetta Amato Pietro Mercurio Antonella Cicala Josef Simeoni Adelheid Foppa Maria Triassi Francesca Pennino Lucia Fiore 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(1):13-22
This study evaluated the presence and seasonal distribution of polio and other enteroviruses in four wastewater treatment plants in three cities in Italy, using different treatment systems. Detection of enteroviruses was carried out by virus isolation in cell cultures after concentration of water samples collected at both inlet and outlet of the treatment plants, following the methods described in the WHO guidelines. Viral serotypes isolated before and after water treatment were compared. Forty-eight non-polio enteroviruses were isolated from 312 samples collected at the inlet of the four wastewater treatment plants, 35 of which were Coxsackievirus type B (72.9 %) and 13 Echovirus (27.1 %). After treatment, 2 CVB3, 1 CVB5, and 1 Echo 6 were isolated. CVB3 and Echo 6 serotypes were also detected in samples collected at the inlet of the TP, in the same month and year. The high rate of detection of infectious enteroviruses in inlet sewage samples (30.1 %) indicates wide diffusion of these viruses in the populations linked to the collectors. The incomplete removal of infectious viruses following sewage treatment highlights possible risks for public health relate to treated waters discharge into the environment. 相似文献