油田修井起下杆管清洁生产技术现状及分析

文章从现有杆管清洁设备的基本结构、工作原理、应用效果入手,分析了井下、井口、井场、车间4个环节15种杆管清洁生产技术的优缺点和适应性,同时引入技术成熟完备性指标,对每种杆管清洁生产技术作了定量评价,认为在施工中应综合考虑地层、井史、油田所处环境敏感性等影响因素,将其集成或组合使用,形成适合于不同类型油井的杆管清洁模式。建议继续加强井下泄油、油管内壁清洗、内防喷、井口防喷防溅等关键设备研发与完善,提高清洁生产技术的适应性、可靠性,以降低劳动强度,提高工作效率。     

Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

● Increased DAAO offsets 3/4 of the decrease of DAAP in 2013–2020. ● DAAO increases are mainly due to O₃ concentration increase and population aging. ● Health benefit from PM_2.5 reduction after 2017 is larger than that before 2017. ● Reducing PM_2.5 concentration by 1% results in 0.6% reduction of DAAP. ● Reducing O₃ concentration by 1% results in 2% reduction of DAAO. PM_2.5 concentration declined significantly nationwide, while O₃ concentration increased in most regions in China in 2013–2020. Recent evidences proved that peak season O₃ is related to increased death risk from non-accidental and respiratory diseases. Based on these new evidences, we estimate excess deaths associated with long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and O₃ in China following the counterfactual analytic framework from Global Burden Disease. Excess deaths from non-accidental diseases associated with long-term exposure to ambient O₃ in China reaches to 579 (95% confidential interval (CI): 93, 990) thousand in 2020, which has been significantly underestimated in previous studies. In addition, the increased excess deaths associated with long-term O₃ exposure (234 (95% CI: 177, 282) thousand) in 2013–2020 offset three quarters of the avoided excess deaths (302 (95% CI: 244, 366) thousand) mainly due to PM_2.5 exposure reduction. In key regions (the North China Plain, the Yangtze River Delta and the Fen-Wei Plain), the former is even larger than the latter, particularly in 2017–2020. Health benefit of PM_2.5 concentration reduction offsets the adverse effects of population growth and aging on excess deaths attributed to PM_2.5 exposure. Increase of excess deaths associated with O₃ exposure is mainly due to the strong increase of O₃ concentration, followed by population aging. Considering the faster population aging process in the future, collaborative control, and faster reduction of PM_2.5 and O₃ are needed to reduce the associated excess deaths.     

氧化法处理水中酚的研究方法综述

目前氧化法处理含酚废水的方法有化学氧化法即臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂氧化法等，酶催化氧化法以及光化学氧化法即光敏化氧化、光催化氧化法等；分析了它们的优势及存在的问题；并提出了今后的研究方向，即臭氧-生物活性炭、臭氧辐射、臭氧-H2O2技术，水溶性酶制剂连接到固体载体上制成固化酶，H2O2－BAC、O3－H2O2－BAC联用技术等。     

炼油污水深度处理回用的中试

采用两级曝气生物滤池和多介质滤池相串联的中试装置,连续处理某炼油厂污水车间二浮出水,主要考察了中试装置对污水中主要污染物的去除效果和规律,并确定了适宜的气水比。试验结果表明:采用该工艺时,除石油类外,其它各项指标都达到《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》(HG/T3923-2007)要求的水质指标;两级曝气生物滤池的气水比分别选用5.6∶1和5∶1为宜;验证了BAF是通过生物氧化和过滤两种作用来去除COD,第一段BAF以去除污水中碳化有机物为主,第二段BAF主要以去除污水中的NH4+-N为主。     

控制架空输电线路终端塔向受力侧倾斜的方法

针对白银 — 银川东750 kV输电线路两端终端塔向受力侧倾斜问题,对终端塔向受力侧倾斜原因进行分析,采取调整终端塔基础施工工序、补偿基础承载力、提高螺栓紧固率和合理布置反向拉线平衡挠度等技术措施,有效阻止了终端塔向受力侧倾斜,保证了工期,避免了不必要的经济损失。结果表明:该方法的使用,节约了工程成本,保证了施工安全,提高了铁塔基础的安全稳定性。     

光伏发电有功自动控制技术

进行了两根足尺预应力型钢混凝土简支梁在火灾高温和竖向恒定加载耦合作用下的耐火性能试验,分析了试验梁的温度场分布规律、竖向变形特点和承载性能劣化过程。通过在试验梁端部预设压力传感器,实测了升温过程中梁端部预压力与升温时间的关系曲线。试验结果表明,预压力对火灾高温作用较为敏感,当标准升温100 min时预压力已降至初始预压力的一半,试验中一根梁出现了侧向弯曲变形。因此,对于预应力混凝土结构,火灾高温作用下应考虑构件可能的侧向变形影响。     

水‑力作用下黏土孔隙结构演化规律研究进展∗

黏土的微结构直接决定宏观水?力学特性，然而现阶段绝大多数模型都是基于宏观参数所建立，由于缺乏微观机制的支撑，己经难以满足科研和工程需求。因此开展孔隙结构演化研究可以加深对非饱和土复杂水?力学特性的认识。在详细阐述黏土的孔径分布特征及双孔模型的基础上，全面回顾和总结了近年来水?力作用下黏土孔隙结构演化规律的研究成果与最新进展，并进行了相关讨论。结果表明：考虑颗粒集聚体的双孔模型（集聚体间孔隙与集聚体内孔隙）可以更好地解释黏土复杂的水?力学特性。水?力作用对黏土孔隙结构的影响机制不同，根据文献试验数据和理论分析初步总结出水?力作用下土孔隙结构的演化规律。外力荷载只显著影响集聚体间孔隙，对集聚体内孔隙基本不影响；含水率变化会改变土颗粒相对位置，继而影响这两类孔隙结构，但是土水相互作用复杂，导致含水率变化对土孔隙结构影响机制仍不清晰，并且没有统一认识。鉴于此，在研究土水相互作用对微观孔隙影响时应充分考虑物理?化学作用，并构建微观孔隙结构演化与宏观变形的定量关系，这也是今后需要深入研究的方向。     

Impacts of national park tourism sites: a perceptual analysis from residents of three spatial levels of local communities in Banff national park

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Communities next to national parks, known as gateway communities, can benefit from national park development. Gateway communities are unique and...     

Removal of SO2 from flue gas using blast furnace dust as an adsorbent

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To control the SO2 emission and achieve the target of “waste controlled by waste”, a novel desulfurization method with blast furnace dust...