人工湿地中沸石对铵吸附能力的生物再生研究

利用铵吸附饱和的天然斜发沸石和沙质土壤作为基质,构建了沸石柱和芦苇、菖蒲沸石人工湿地试验系统,采用曝气供氧、自然复氧、植物根系输氧以及培养系统中基质上硝化菌群的方法,研究了铵吸附饱和的沸石在沸石柱和湿地中的生物再生过程。结果显示,沸石在湿地中再生过程符合指数模拟,在试验周期内沸石在沸石柱中再生可以用指数和线性模拟。沸石在湿地系统和沸石柱中经过1个月的再生,交换容量分别恢复到原来的60.3%～62.6%和11.8%,3个月后分别恢复到原来的94.6%～94.8%和38.4%。试验证明,沸石在湿地中再生比在沸石柱中再生效果好,交换容量恢复率高出50%～63%。根据试验结果,探讨了铵吸附饱和的沸石在人工湿地中的生物再生机理,证明了饱和沸石在湿地中生物再生的可行性。     

中美气候变化论坛

由美国加州大学伯克利分校和北京大学联合主办的中美气候变化论坛于5月23日至24日在旧金山开幕．有来自中美两国以及欧洲等地的专家学者近200人参加了论坛。     

环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的文献综述

主要对国内外环境污染与经济发展关系的相关文献进行了系统的梳理,在对环境库滋涅茨曲线进行探讨的基础上,归纳了国内外环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的现状,总结了环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的主要方法,讨论了环境污染与经济增长之间的潜在关系的类型、相互影响因素、过程机理和描述方法,探究了针对环境污染防治的政策等方面的内容.最后对已有的文献研究进行简单的回顾性综述,对环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的前景进行了展望.     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.     

钢铁行业废水零排放技术探索

针对钢铁行业废水特点,分析了目前钢铁行业各工序及全厂主要废水污染控制措施,重点分析了二级反渗透工艺的主要流程及进出水水质,以及该工艺存在的主要问题。通过对大型钢铁集团的现场调研,以太钢采用的反渗透和蒸发结晶工艺为例分析了钢铁行业真正实现废水零排放的技术可行性。该技术可以很好解决钢铁行业浓盐水的外排问题。     

Promoting effect of vanadium on catalytic activity of Pt/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts

A series of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts was prepared using the impregnation method. The catalytic activity and sulfur resistance of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O were investigated in the presence of simulated diesel exhaust. The effect of vanadium on the structure and redox properties of the catalysts was also investigated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method,X-ray diffraction, H2temperature-programmed reduction, CO temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Results showed that the Pt particles were well dispersed on the Ce–Zr–O carrier through the vanadium isolation effect, which significantly improved the oxidation activity toward CO and hydrocarbons. An electron-withdrawing phenomenon occurred from V to Pt, resulting in an increase in the metallic nature of platinum, which was beneficial to hydrocarbon molecular activation.     

基于PROMETHEEⅡ法的污染场地土壤修复技术筛选及应用

依据当前污染场地土壤修复技术特点以及场地特征,构建4层12指标21方案的污染土壤修复技术决策分析结构,运用多属性决策分析方法——PROMETHEEⅡ偏好排序法,对当前场地修复技术以及典型场地条件进行了客观分析和综合评价,实现基于具体修复目标的污染场地土壤修复技术择优筛选,并采用该方法对虚拟特定污染场地的土壤修复技术筛选进行了实例应用。这为污染场地的治理和修复提供了方法依据和理论参考。     

Exposure to toxic waste containing high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide illegally dumped in Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

Introduction

On August 2006, a cargo ship illegally dumped 500?t of toxic waste containing high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide in numerous sites across Abidjan. Thousands of people became ill. Seventeen deaths were associated with toxic waste exposure.

Materials and methods

This study reports on environmental and health problems associated with the incident. A cross-sectional transect study was conducted in five waste dumping site areas.

Results

Of the households, 62.1% (n?=?502) were exposed to the effects of the pollutants and 51.1% of the interviewed people (n?=?2,368) in these households showed signs of poisoning. Most important symptoms were cough (37.1%), asthenia (33.1%), pruritus (29.9%) and nausea (29.1%).

Discussion

The health effects showed different frequencies in the five waste impact sites. Among the poisoned persons, 21.1% (n?=?532) presented symptoms on the survey day (i.e., 4?months after incident). Transect sampling allowed to determine a radius of vulnerability to exposure of up to 3?km from the point of toxic waste disposal.

Conclusion

The area of higher vulnerability is influenced by various environmental factors, such as size and severity of pollution site, duration of toxic waste pollution on the impact site and locally climatic conditions. The surveillance of effects on environment and human health is warranted to monitor the development.     

Structural and optical characterization of dissolved organic matter from the lower Athabasca River, Canada

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a ubiquitous constituent of natural waters and is comprised of a variety of chemically heterogeneous molecular structures and functional groups. DOM is often considered to be a major ligand for metals in most natural waters and its reactivity is thought to be strongly dependent on its chemical composition and structure. In this study, a combination of UV/visible, emission excitation matrix fluorescence (EEM) and ¹H NMR spectroscopies were used to characterize DOM from the Athabasca River (Alberta, Canada). The chemical characterization of river DOM showed that the most upstream samples located in agricultural areas were blue-shifted and less aromatic and contained more hydrogens connected with oxygen functional groups than those in the wetland dominated area in the Athabasca oil sand deposit region. The presence of paramagnetic ions (Fe and Al) was not found to significantly affect the structural composition of DOM as revealed by ¹H NMR. Such change in the quality of DOM may have a profound impact on metal binding in the Athabasca River watershed.     

零价铁复合有机膨润土处理染料废水的研究

针对目前印染废水处理现状及膨润土在水处理中回收困难等问题,提出将零价铁复合到有机膨润土中制成零价铁复合有机膨润土(ZVI-OB),以达到高效吸附并降解污染物的目的。以染料废水(Orange II) 作为研究对象,考察了废水中染料的初始浓度、pH以及吸附时间对ZVI-OB去除染料效率的影响,并研究了吸附后降解过程中时间和pH对污染物降解的影响以及降解前后膨润土层结构的变化。研究结果表明,ZVI-OB相对于CTMAB改性的有机膨润土而言,其吸附量有所降低,但ZVI-OB在吸附污染物之后能有效降解有机物。ZVI-OB在饱和吸附Orange II后经催化氧化,总有机碳含量降低为原来的19%,可以重复利用。