Role of cosubstrate and bioaccessibility played in the enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a paddy soil by nitrate and methyl-β-cyclodextrin amendments

The present study was conducted to investigate the anaerobic biodegradation potential of biostimulation by nitrate (KNO₃) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) addition on an aged organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-contaminated paddy soil. After 180 days of incubation, total OCP biodegradation was highest in soil receiving the addition of nitrate and MCD simultaneously and then followed by nitrate addition, MCD addition, and control. The highest biodegradation of chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, endosulfans, and total OCPs was 74.3, 63.5, 51.2, and 65.1 %, respectively. Meanwhile, MCD addition significantly increased OCP bioaccessibility (p?<?0.05) evaluated by Tenax TA extraction and a three-compartment model method. Moreover, the addition of nitrate and MCD also obtained the highest values of soil microbial activities, including soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, ATP production, denitrifying bacteria count, and nitrate reductase activity. Such similar trend between OCP biodegradation and soil-denitrifying activities suggests a close relationship between OCP biodegradation and N cycling and the indirect/direct involvement of soil microorganisms, especially denitrifying microorganisms in the anaerobic biodegradation of OCPs.     

Flotability and flotation separation of polymer materials modulated by wetting agents

The surface free energy, surface tension and contact angles were performed to investigate the properties of wetting agents. Adsorption of wetting agents changes wetting behavior of polymer resins. Flotability of polymer materials modulated by wetting agents was studied, and wetting agents change significantly flotability of polymer materials. The flotability decreases with increasing the concentration of wetting agents, and the wetting ability is lignin sulfonate (LS) > tannic acid (TA) > methylcellulose (MC) > triton X-100 (TX-100) (from strong to weak). There is significant difference in the flotability between polymer resins and plastics due to the presence of additives in the plastics. Flotation separation of two-component and multicomponent plastics was conducted based on the flotability modulated by wetting agents. The two-component mixtures can be efficiently separated using proper wetting agent through simple flotation flowsheet. The multicomponent plastic mixtures can be separated efficiently through multi-stage flotation using TA and LS as wetting agents, and the purity of separated component was above 94%, and the recovery was more than 93%.     

Diet of four species of deep-sea isopods (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida) in the South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean

The food of four species of asellote isopods (Crustacea, Malacostraca), Haploniscus rostratus, Haploniscus unicornis, Acanthocope galatheae and Betamorpha fusiformis, was evaluated by analysis of their gut contents. The isopods were sampled at several stations on the abyssal plains of Guinea Basin, Angola Basin and Cape Basin (southeast Atlantic), the Weddell Sea abyssal plain and the Antarctic continental slope during the DIVA and ANDEEP expeditions in 2000, 2001 and 2005. While all species had mineral particles in their guts and mucus material was the most frequent food item, the remaining gut contents differed among species. Betamorpha fusiformis fed mostly on phytodetritus, especially in the Southern Ocean basins and ingested along with it whole calcareous foraminifers. Acanthocope galatheae showed some differences in gut contents between basins, but in the Guinea Basin, the contents were to a large extent stercomata, i.e., waste pellets of soft-walled foraminifers, i.e., the Komokiaceae. Indications were that the haploniscids were feeding on detritus and agglutinating foraminifers (stercomata). This indicates spatial differences in food availability for this diverse group of deep-sea isopods and the importance of poorly known foraminiferal groups, like the Komokiaceae, as a food source in the deep sea.     

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR HYDRAULIC DESTRATIFICATION SYSTEMS IN SMALL PONDS,LAKES, OR RESERVOIRS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Forced artificial mixing of temperature-stratified ponds, or small lakes or reservoirs, by liquid jets can enhance water quality and can also be energy efficient. Based on previous studies of jet mixing mechanics of stratified water bodies, a conceptual design approach is presented. The main “operational” and “system” design parameters are considered in the proposed method. Using minimization of a total cost estimate as a criterion, an iterative method for the selection of the number and size of the jets is developed and illustrated.     

AAS与ICP－AES间接测定天然水中硫酸盐

本文以与过量形成ＢａＳＯ＿４沉淀反应为基础，较详细地讨论了反应条件、从而拟定了用ＡＡＳ和ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ间接测定天然水中的方法、确定了方法的精密度，ＡＡＳ法的ＲＳＤ％为１．５，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法为３．２．两种方法对比分析的结果接近，误差为１．０％（相对）。用于天然水中的测定，获得满意的结果。     

Treatment of Perchlorate‐Contaminated Groundwater Using Highly Selective,Regenerable Ion‐Exchange Technology: A Pilot‐Scale Demonstration

Treatment of perchlorate‐contaminated groundwater using highly selective, regenerable ion‐exchange technology has been recently demonstrated at Edwards Air Force Base, California. At an influent concentration of about 450 μg/l ClO₄^?, the bifunctional anion‐exchange resin bed treated approximately 40,000 empty bed volumes of groundwater before a significant breakthrough of ClO₄^? occurred. The presence of relatively high concentrations of chloride and sulfate in site groundwater did not appear to affect the ability of the bifunctional resin to remove ClO₄^?. The spent resin bed was successfully regenerated using the FeCl₃^?HCl regeneration technique recently developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and nearly 100 percent of sorbed ClO₄^? was displaced or recovered after elution with as little as about two bed volumes of the regenerant solution. In addition, a new methodology was developed to completely destroy ClO₄^? in the FeCl₃^?HCl solution so that the disposal of perchlorate‐containing hazardous wastes could be eliminated. It is therefore anticipated that these treatment and regeneration technologies may offer an efficient and cost‐effective means to remove ClO₄^? from contaminated groundwater with significantly reduced generation of waste requiring disposal. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

浅谈工伤事故的应急救护常识

通过典型事故案例的分析，介绍了不同类型的伤害事故的应急救护常识。     

城市控制爆破工程的爆破事故和爆破公害研究

爆破事故和爆破公害是关于爆破工程中的安全问题 ,笔者对爆破事故中的早爆、拒爆和爆破公害中的爆破振动、爆破空气冲击波、爆破飞石进行了详细论述 ,分析了爆破事故及公害产生的原因 ,从而给出了相应的防止措施 ;进而依法采取了爆破安全管理可行办法     

分光光度法测定人发中痕量铜的研究

本文使用我们合成的水溶性T(4—TAP)P作为显色剂发展了痕量铜的直接光度测定法。详细考察了测定铜的最佳条件和共存元素的影响。在盐酸羟胺存在下,pH4.5和HAc—NaAc溶液中形成一个1:1的Cu(I)—T(4—TAP)P络合物,λ_(max)=411nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.7×10~5L.mol~(-1)cm~(-1),s为0.00033μg·cm~(-2),铜浓度在0—5μg/25ml范围内服从比耳定律,该方法灵敏度高。选择性好,用于人发中痕量铜的测定结果满意。相对标准偏差为4.6％,回收率在93—103％之间。与AAS法和双乙醛草酰二胺分光光度法(BAO法)的结果比较,证明了方法的准确度,相对误差小于8％。     

乡镇工业职业卫生服务与初级卫生保健相结合初探

针对我国乡镇工业职业卫生面临的“高需求、低服务”。以及与农村初级卫生保健(PHC)相脱节问题。提出实施乡镇企业职业卫生与PHC相结合的必要性和迫切性。结合WHO职业卫生合作中心(上海)在华东地区的试点探索,提出两者结合的内容和方式的若干设想,强调从更新观念全面认识PHC和把职业卫生与安全作为PHC组成部分入手,深入实践,共同为卫生部领导下的全国性探索作贡献。