浅谈石化行业脱硝技术的现状及发展

介绍了氮氧化物的危害,石化行业氮氧化物的产生机理和特点,我国现阶段石化行业氮氧化物主要来源,包括FCC再生烟气、装置加热炉烟气、酸性气回收装置废气。阐述了不同类型烟气中氮氧化物产生、治理措施、排放现状以及氮氧化物排放限制标准,并对将来石化行业脱硝技术的应用进行了探讨和展望。     

The governance of integrated ecosystem management in ecological function conservation areas in China

The relationship between ecological and socioeconomic systems in ecological function conservation areas (EFCAs) in China is analyzed from a governance perspective. Lashihai watershed in China’s southwestern Yunnan Province was chosen as a case study area, where leaders of 81 villager groups were interviewed through questionnaire surveys and anecdotal evidence was collected from focus group discussions. Our study found that the rehabilitated ecosystems in Lashihai, arising from conservation actions, provided the local communities with increasing natural capital to pursue horseback tourism as an important means of livelihood. Also, bonding social capital, together with unique cultural and ethnic assets, may have been instrumental in the formation of horseback tourism teams in some villager groups. However, the lack of higher-level government involvement and coordination among horseback tourism teams appeared to have led to a situation, where the rapidly developing tourism teams have started to impose threats on the wetland ecosystem. While highlighting some limitations of self-governance in adapting to complex and fast-changing socioeconomic conditions, the study called for the potential importance of fostering adaptive co-management to help modify the emerging undesired interconnectedness in social-ecological systems in Lashihai. For the future’s successful governance of integrated ecosystem management in EFCAs in China, the study also made brief discussion on some key elements of the adaptive co-management.     

非等压下考虑渗流和剪胀的圆巷围岩弹塑性统一解

对于富水地层中深埋圆形巷道,为研究多种因素影响下巷道围岩塑性区范围和洞周位移的变化规律,对巷道围岩进行了弹塑性理论分析。对围岩应力场和渗流场进行耦合分析,基于统一强度理论和非关联流动法则,推导出多种因素影响下深埋圆形巷道围岩应力、位移和塑性区半径的解析计算式。结合工程实例进行计算分析,结果表明:中间主应力参数、围岩侧压系数、初始孔隙水压和剪胀角对围岩塑性区径向位移和塑性区范围均有显著影响,但影响规律各不相同;考虑中间主应力作用时,其他各因素的影响效应减弱。综合考虑以上各因素对围岩稳定性的影响,计算结果更加接近工程实际情况。     

基于建筑材料物化环境影响的建筑结构形式选择

不同结构形式的建筑在环境影响方面存在差异。对砖混结构和框架结构的两种不同形式的建筑物,因使用建筑材料而造成的环境影响差异,依据建筑材料生命周期环境影响评价模型进行了定量分析。结果表明:从建筑物使用的建筑材料造成的环境影响角度分析,多层砖混结构单位建筑面积的资源耗竭系数为0.045、环境影响负荷为5.87;多层框架结构则分别为0.071、10.49。     

大型浮顶储罐浮盘密封圈雷击起火事故分析

通过对近年来连续发生的大型浮顶储罐浮盘密封圈雷击起火原因分析,找出了浮顶储罐浮盘密封存在的安全问题,探讨了浮盘密封形式与储罐雷击起火事故的关系,并提出对策措施.     

改革开放以来广州市番禺区景观格局变化研究

番禺区作为广州市新的发展方向,处于中国经济和社会发展的前沿。研究番禺区20年来的景观格局变化,对于其经济社会的可持续、健康发展有一定的指导意义。利用番禺区1979年、1990年、2000年的MSS、TM、ETM^＋影像,在GIS的支持下,结合景观生态学的理论分析了番禺区三个时期的景观格局及其动态变化。结果表明,20年来,番禺区的景观格局变化迅速,斑块数量和空间格局变化较大;各景观类型之间的转移明显,耕地、林地快速向建设用地、养殖水域等转变。人文因素是景观格局变化的直接驱动力,人口增长、经济发展是导致景观系列变化最根本的原因。     

Team job‐related anxiety and creativity: Investigating team‐level and cross‐level moderated curvilinear relationships

Researchers have examined the effects of individual job‐related anxiety on employee attitudes and behaviors but have yet to examine whether team job‐related anxiety would have similar or different effects. Building on prior research on negative group affective tone and creativity, we propose that team job‐related anxiety has an inverted U‐shaped curvilinear relationship with both team and individual creativity. Furthermore, we posit that team cooperativeness moderates those curvilinear relationships. Using a two‐wave research design and matched employee‐supervisor data from 290 employees nested in 65 teams, we found support for the proposed inverted U‐shaped relationships. Moreover, the intermediate level of team job‐related anxiety was associated with higher individual creativity in teams with higher cooperativeness. We conclude the study with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.     

共存阳离子对砷、硒和钒毒性效应的影响及预测模型研究

为探明并量化共存阳离子存在下含氧阴离子型金属在生物体中的毒性效应,以模式植物小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)为研究对象,通过单一变量控制实验,探究了4种阳离子(Ca⁽²⁺⁾、Mg(2+)、Mg⁽²⁺⁾、Na(2+)、Na⁺和K+和K⁺)对3种典型含氧阴离子型金属(AsO_4+)对3种典型含氧阴离子型金属(AsO_4^(3-)、SeO_3(3-)、SeO_3^(2-)和VO_4(2-)和VO_4^(3-))毒性的影响,并构建了静电作用模型来预测和评估As、Se和V的生态毒性效应与风险。结果表明,Ca(3-))毒性的影响,并构建了静电作用模型来预测和评估As、Se和V的生态毒性效应与风险。结果表明,Ca⁽²⁺⁾对As、Se和V毒性的影响呈现出3种不同的趋势：在相同设计浓度范围内Ca(2+)对As、Se和V毒性的影响呈现出3种不同的趋势：在相同设计浓度范围内Ca⁽²⁺⁾的增加显著引起了As毒性的减弱(Adj.R(2+)的增加显著引起了As毒性的减弱(Adj.R²=0.76,P<0.05)、V毒性的加剧(Adj.R2=0.76,P<0.05)、V毒性的加剧(Adj.R²=0.81,P<0.05),而对Se毒性却没有显著影响。当Mg2=0.81,P<0.05),而对Se毒性却没有显著影响。当Mg⁽²⁺⁾从0.20 mmol·L(2+)从0.20 mmol·L^(-1)增加到2.73 mmol·L(-1)增加到2.73 mmol·L^(-1)时,Se主导形态的半数有效活度值(EC_(50){HSeO+3(-1)时,Se主导形态的半数有效活度值(EC_(50){HSeO+3^-})从40.40 μmol·L-})从40.40 μmol·L^(-1)显著下降为27.98 μmol·L(-1)显著下降为27.98 μmol·L^(-1),即Se毒性增强到原来的1.44倍(Adj.R(-1),即Se毒性增强到原来的1.44倍(Adj.R²=0.79,P<0.05)。静电作用理论能够很好地解释Ca2=0.79,P<0.05)。静电作用理论能够很好地解释Ca⁽²⁺⁾(或Mg(2+)(或Mg⁽²⁺⁾)在显著增强V(或Se)毒性中发挥的作用,将这种静电作用影响纳入考虑成功构建了可以定量预测V(Adj.R(2+))在显著增强V(或Se)毒性中发挥的作用,将这种静电作用影响纳入考虑成功构建了可以定量预测V(Adj.R²=0.88)和Se(Adj.R2=0.88)和Se(Adj.R²=0.95)毒性的静电作用模型。研究结果弥补了目前含氧阴离子型金属生态毒性研究的不足,为含氧阴离子型金属的土壤污染生态风险评估提供了指导与参考。     

Occurrence and distribution of micro- and mesoplastics in the high-latitude nature reserve,northern China

• The first study on micro(meso)plastics (MMPs) in the Liaohe River Reserve is reported. • Diverse MMP were detected in surface water and sediment at all 32 sites. • The abundance of MMPs decreased in the course of the river. • The MMPs abundance in water is significant association with the county population. Microplastics pollution has received growing attention worldwide in recent years. However, data on microplastics in the freshwater environment are still limited, especially in high-latitude nature reserves in Northern China. The first study on microplastic pollution in the Liaohe River Reserve in Northern China is reported here, and mesoplastics were also incorporated. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from 32 sites along the nature reserve. The abundance, type, shape, color, and size of micro- and mesoplastics were measured using density extraction, optical microscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. The data showed that diverse micro- and mesoplastics were found widespread in the 32 sites, and the average abundance of these plastics was 0.11±0.04 10⁻² items/L in surface water and 62.29±54.30 items/kg in sediment. Moreover, 70% and 66% were smaller than 2000 μm in surface water and sediment, respectively. Fiber accounted for 91.86% in surface water and 43.48% in sediment, indicating that the major source of micro- and mesoplastics in the Liaohe River Reserve may be domestic sewage and aquaculture. A total of 16 and 27 polymers were identified in surface water and sediment, respectively, and mostly consisted of rayon, polyester, polystyrene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Moreover, both the risk index and the pollution load index demonstrated a low risk of micro- and mesoplastics in surface water and sediment in the Liaohe River Reserve.     

Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO2 and N2O emissions in agricultural and forest soils: Observation of a distinct difference

• Earthworms increase CO₂ and N₂O emissions in agricultural and forest soil. • 10% biochar suppresses CO₂ and N₂O emissions in forest soil. • Biochar interacted with earthworm to significant affect CO₂ and N₂O emissions. The application of manure-derived biochar offers an alternative to avoid the direct application of manure to soil causing greenhouse gas emission. Soil fauna, especially earthworms, can markedly stimulate carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soil. This study therefore investigated the effect of cattle manure biochar (added at rates of 0, 2%, or 10%, coded as BC0, BC2 and BC10, respectively) application, with or without earthworm Aporrectodea turgida, on emissions of CO₂ and N₂O and changes of physic-chemical properties of agricultural and forest soils in a laboratory incubation experiment. The BC10 treatment significantly enhanced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 27.9% relative to the untreated control in the agricultural soil. On the contrary, the BC2 and BC10 treatments significantly reduced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 16.3%–61.1% and N₂O emissions by 92.9%–95.1% compared to the untreated control in the forest soil. The addition of earthworm alone significantly enhanced the cumulative CO₂ and N₂O fluxes in agricultural and forest soils. Cumulative CO₂ and N₂O fluxes were significantly increased when BC2 and BC10 were applied with earthworm in the agricultural soil, but were significantly reduced when BC10 was applied with earthworm in the forest soil. Our study demonstrated that biochar application interacted with earthworm to affect CO₂ and N₂O emissions, which were also dependent on the soil type involved. Our study suggests that manure biochar application rate and use of earthworm need to be carefully studied for specific soil types to maximize the climate change mitigation potential of such management practices.