环境中苯并(a)芘监测技术及建议

环境中BaP是引起人们各类癌症的主要诱发物.叙述了环境中BaP的来源及其浓度状况,列举了国家制定的各项标准中的BaP含量的浓度限值,论述了环境水中和空气中BaP的样品采集、保存、前处理、分析测定及定量监测中应注意的几个问题,提出了监测BaP的4点建议.     

关于加强全国环境监测站建设的思考

在分析现状的基础上，提出了加强全国环境监测站建设的对策与建议。     

Evaluation of efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment and identification of daily inspection indices: a case study in Changchun, China

Evaluation of the efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment has previously been conducted to prevent pollution of the environment. The current study aimed to provide a set of practical methods for efficient airport sanitary supervision. Aircraft liquid waste was collected at Longjia International Airport, Changchun from multiple flights. The efficiency of liquid waste treatment as well as the water quality of the wastewater processed via a second-stage wastewater facility were examined by measuring a number of physical, chemical, and biological indices. Our results indicated that treatment solely via resolvable sanitizing liquid was not sufficient. Although the contents of first-class pollutants all met the requirements of the standard criteria, the contents of a number of second-class pollutants did not satisfy these criteria. However, after further treatment via a second-stage wastewater facility installed at the airport, all indices reached second-grade requirements of the discharge standard. We suggest that daily inspection and quarantine indices at airports should include the suspension content, biological oxygen demands after 5 days, chemical oxygen demand total organic carbon content, amino nitrogen content, total phosphorous content, and the level of fecal coliforms.     

毒性鉴别评价方法对城镇污水处理厂去除水中有毒物质的分析实例

以江苏省常州市城北污水算处理厂的进水、活性污泥处理系统的出水以及A^2O处理工艺的出水为研究对象，对进出水进行Daphnia magna急性毒性试验。结果表明，进水对Daphnia magna具有24h急性毒性，经过活性污泥处理工艺处理及A^2O处理工艺处理，两股出水均不显示24h急性毒性，采用毒性鉴别评价（Toxicity Identification Evaluation,TE）方法对进水进行监测和评价，发现曝气可去除进水的毒性，C18固相提取亦可去除进水毒性，进水中存在的主要毒物为易挥发的非极性有机化合物，进一步检测可知，进水中的关键毒物主要为邻丙基甲醛肟、1，1－甲基乙基－2－甲氧基苯酚、2－氮，氮二甲基苯甲醇等，此外，对2个处理系统出水进行GC／MS分析，可知出水中关键毒物基本被去除。     

Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of clenbuterol residues in swine urine and feeds

The present study outlines applications of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the analysis of clenbuterol residues. Antisera were raised from rabbits immunized with diazotized clenbuterol-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. The assay was specific to clenbuterol with a half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of 1.8 ng/mL and 2.5 ng/mL in blank swine urine and phosphate buffer solution, respectively. The assay had high cross-reactivity (86%) with mabuterol, but low with other adrenergic agonists and antagonists. The average recovery of clenbuterol, as measured with the ELISA, ranged from 90% to 112% in swine urine samples and from 86% to 95% in feeds, respectively. This new assay was compared with commercial ELISA test kits. An excellent correlation (r ² = 0.98) between the two methods and satisfactory recoveries suggest that the new assay can be suitable for the determination of clenbuterol residues in real samples. The assay was used to analyze clenbuterol residues in 103 swine urine samples and 68 feed samples collected from northern China. Approximately 50% of the urine samples and 25% of the feed samples analyzed were found positive (concentration of clenbuterol ≥ 1 ppb). The results indicate that clenbuterol was misused in some of the areas surveyed.     

汶川地震灾区受灾群众重建意愿实证研究

选择何种重建方式(原址重建或异地搬迁等)是灾后重建的首要问题.所谓重建意愿即在原居住地受到地震等自然灾害破坏时,受灾居民对不同重建方式(原址重建还是异地搬迁或者两者之间的状态)的选择倾向.了解灾区群众的重建意愿及其因素影响是受灾县(市)制订灾后重建规划、并推动实施的重要前提.通过对五大极重灾区1243户城乡受灾居民家庭问卷调查、深度访谈.结果表明:受灾居民所在县(市)、目前安置地、户口类型、受教育程度、适应新环境能力及未来经济预期等因素对其重建意愿有显著影响.研究认为:选择重建方式应在尊重群众意愿的前提下,结合实际充分论证;在此基础上,应结合目前的临时安置地对城乡布局合理规划;应将灾后重建和城乡统筹及生态扶贫相结合来考虑,着力提高受灾居民的就业技能和受教育程度,从而提高适应新环境生产生活的能力;加大在灾区的产业恢复重建力度,特别尽快恢复关系民生的产业以及就业容量大的产业.     

SMW围护结构的深基坑隆起变形有限元分析

影响基坑基底隆起的因素存在极大的模糊性和随机性,基底隆起变形量的计算是一个复杂的非线性过程,而采用有限元法对基坑基底隆起变形量进行分析是个有效的途径。本文以上海某深基坑为例,基于ABAQU S软件对该基坑基底隆起变形量进行有限元分析。研究表明,基底隆起最大变形量发生在离基坑侧壁约以SMW围护桩入土深度为半径的圆内侧。本文将为基坑隆起问题的定量研究提供有价值的参考。     

我国资源型企业资源效率管理行为分析及政策建议

资源综合利用直接影响我国可持续发展战略的实现。我国资源型企业在资源开发利用过程中存在大量的浪费现象。运用演化博弈理论分析企业群体策略的选择和演化路径,揭示企业资源效率管理行为的内在机理。研究表明治理收益、治理成本、治理风险是企业资源保护行为系统演化的重要参数,企业群体选择策略的相对适应性取决于对方企业是否治理及企业自身治理的收益与成本,演化稳定状态不仅依赖于博弈双方的学习速度和方向,也取决于博弈双方的初始状态。政府应该根据上述机理和资源型企业现实状况,制定相应的政策。     

The concentrations and distribution of polycyclic musks in a typical cosmetic plant

Polycyclic musks [cashmeran (DPMI), celestolide (ADBI), phantolide (AHMI), traseolide (ATII), tonalide (AHTN) and galaxolide (HHCB)] in the air, wastewater, sludge samples of a typical cosmetic plant were analyzed. DPMI, ADBI, HHCB and AHTN were found in all samples, and ATII was not found in any sample. HHCB and AHTN were the major components in all samples. The polycyclic musk concentrations were very high in the air of the cosmetic plant, and polycyclic musks were mostly contained in the gas phase at the percentage of 86.35-97.70%. Average polycyclic musk concentrations in effluent were high, and ranged from 0.62 to 32.06 microgl-1. The removal efficiency during the active sludge wastewater treatment was also high, resulting from the adsorption of those compounds into the sludge. So the polycyclic musk concentrations were very high in the primary sludge and second sludge, and ranged from 1.78 to 92.45 mgkg-1 (dry), and from 2.87 to 65.67 mgkg-1 (dry), respectively. Results suggested that the sludge needed to be further treated to make polycyclic musks less influence to the environment.