我国环境保护规划实施中的问题分析

环境规划是国民经济和社会发展的有机组成部分,本文剖析了当前我国环境保护规划在实施中存在的主要问题,认为现阶段我国环境保护规划存在缺乏法律效力、实施过程中缺乏统一协调、资金难以落实、缺乏有效地实施监管机制和公众参与机制缺乏实质性等问题;总结了国外在环境保护规划实施过程中可以借鉴的经验;结合我国环境保护工作的形势和环境保护规划的发展,提出了完善环境保护规划的法律机制、加强环境规划衔接、建立完善的实施监督机制、加大规划实施的资金投入、加强环境保护规划的公众参与等建议,以保证环境保护规划的可达性和可操作性。     

东部平原城市水污染现状及河网结构对水污染影响

以我国经济发达、城市化较高的东部平原地区城市河网水污染现状为例,结合东部平原地区河网的自然结构特征,从水动力学角度研究平原河网结构改变对地表水污染的影响,探讨我国东部平原地区城市河网水污染水动学机理,为采取有效的治理技术手段提供理论基础。     

电子废弃物中环氧树脂的无害化和资源化处置现状和对策研究

随着电子信息等高科技产业迅猛发展,电子废弃物的产生量迅速增大。另一方面,国内电子废物的飞速增长和国外电子废物的大量涌入,成为中国环境安全重大隐患。电子垃圾成分复杂且其污染物众多,不恰当处理势必造成了严重的环境污染,而其中最难以无害化和资源化,且所占比例最高(大于50%)的材料是环氧树脂。就电子废弃物中环氧树脂处置技术、国内外处置现状进行了分析,从可持续性发展的环保战略高度,结合承担国家科技部相关项目的研究进展情况,介绍了利用电子废弃物中环氧树脂的新工艺,并根据国情提出了一些建议和对策。     

石化行业重大事故后救援人员心理援助的探索

根据救援人员的心理反应及危害,分析了救援人员心理援助存在的问题,并探讨了救援人员的心理援助干预的对策,以期通过完善心理援助干预的相关政策法规体系、加强心理援助干预队伍建设和开发提升有效的心理干预技术来改善救援人员的心理状态.     

开展环境空气质量预报预警工作的研究

近年来,全国各地雾霾天气的大范围、高频次地发生,为改善环境空气质量,及时有效地为政府及公众提供环境质量状况信息,抓紧构建环境空气质量监测预报预警技术体系建设成为了环境部门当前迫在眉睫的一项工作.通过分析湖南省长株潭区域开展城市环境空气质量预报预警工作的现状,描述了预报期间发生过由雾霾造成的大气污染指数变化情况及气象条件,同时对区域内环境空气质量预报预警工作的技术路线进行了探讨,介绍了空气质量集合数值预报系统中的常用模型,及其在北京市、上海市空气质量预报系统的应用情况,提出了统一规划,搭建集合数值预报系统平台、注重气象部门合作,开展科学研究、加快人才培养,提高预报水平和科学管理发布与宣传的具体建议措施.     

110千伏变电站常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究

阐述了110千伏变电站噪声环境影响的现状,全面列举了变电站的主要噪声源并分析其分布规律及噪声影响特点.针对各类声源的特点,结合变电站设计、施工、运行维护三个主要阶段,全过程分析了常用的变电站噪声控制方案及其效果,重点关注了有源消声技术的应用和排风扇噪声影响的问题.对常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究,旨在寻求最经济、最有效的110千伏变电站噪声控制方案.     

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmiumspeciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3-16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.     

Immobilization of self-assembled pre-dispersed nano-TiO2 onto montmorillonite and its photocatalytic activity

The immobilization of pre-dispersed Ti O_2 colloids onto the external surface of the clay mineral montmorillonite(Mt) was accomplished and regulated via a self-assembly method employing the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB). The role of CTAB in the synthesis process was investigated by preparing a series of Ti O_2-CTAB-Mt composites(TCM) with various CTAB doses. The results indicated that a uniform and continuous Ti O_2 film was deposited on the external surface of montmorillonite in the composite synthesized with 0.1 wt.% of CTAB, and the TCM nano-composites showed much higher values for specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume than the raw montmorillonite clay. Then, the formed TCM materials were applied in photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution. The degradation efficiency reached as high as 94.7%. Based on the degradation intermediates benezoquinone, fumaric acid and oxalic acid identified by LC–MS analysis, a mechanism for the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-DCP on Ti O_2/Mt nano-composites is proposed.     

Immobilization of self-assembled pre-dispersed nano-TiO2 onto montmorillonite and its photocatalytic activity

The immobilization of pre-dispersed TiO₂ colloids onto the external surface of the clay mineral montmorillonite (Mt) was accomplished and regulated via a self-assembly method employing the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The role of CTAB in the synthesis process was investigated by preparing a series of TiO₂-CTAB-Mt composites (TCM) with various CTAB doses. The results indicated that a uniform and continuous TiO₂ film was deposited on the external surface of montmorillonite in the composite synthesized with 0.1 wt.% of CTAB, and the TCM nano-composites showed much higher values for specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume than the raw montmorillonite clay. Then, the formed TCM materials were applied in photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution. The degradation efficiency reached as high as 94.7%. Based on the degradation intermediates benezoquinone, fumaric acid and oxalic acid identified by LC–MS analysis, a mechanism for the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-DCP on TiO₂/Mt nano-composites is proposed.