模糊数学对水源水质进行分析的应用实例

以某取水河道的某一次监测结果为例子,以GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》为依据,探讨运用模糊数学对水源水进行分析的方法,绘制圆形比例图,显示各种污染物对水源水质"贡献",从而列出风险污染物清单,以便在工程中采用适当的处理工艺.     

浅谈我国农村环保法制建设

就我国现行的环保法律法规存在问题，以及对农村环保事业发展的影响进行了探讨，提出了健全和完善我国农村环保法制的设想．以促进农村环境保护的可持续发展。     

用生物促生剂修复受污染底泥的试验研究

通过定期向受污染底泥中注入生物促生剂进行底泥修复的试验,监测上覆水体的水质指标,并观察表层底泥微生物的生长情况.试验结果表明,将生物促生剂直接注射到底泥中能很好地刺激底泥中原有异养菌的生长,并对反硫化细菌的生长起抑制作用.在为期60d的试验中,异氧菌数量提高了一个数量级,由105个·g-1(以干泥计)提高到106个·g-1(以干泥计);反硫化细菌数量则大大减少,由试验初始阶段的120000个·g-1(以干泥计)到试验结束后的小于2000个·g-1(以干泥计).但是,上覆水中的氮、磷、CODCr等指标含量较高.     

膜生物反应器处理印染废水的研究进展

印染废水是一种有机物含量高、色度深、生化性差、难降解的工业废水,采用传统的污水处理工艺很难达到排放标准,对新型、高效的处理工艺的研究越来越受到人们的关注.膜生物反应器是一种新型水处理技术,具有传统废水处理工艺所无法比拟的优势,通过膜生物反应器处理后的印染废水,甚至达到了回用水标准,在此基础上对现在研究较多的膜生物反应器的改进技术进行了综述并指出了还有待解决的问题,为将来的发展提供参考和依据.     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]     

钢结构件生产加工项目环境影响评价技术浅议

介绍了钢结构件生产加工项目环境影响评价中工程分析、污染防治措施以及清洁生产等方面的环境影响评价要点，以期为同类项目的环境影响评价、污染治理和环境管理提供参考。     

多热源分散程度的数学模拟及对置换通风影响

通过建立多污染热源置换通风的三维数学模型,根据数值解分析三热源位置变化对多污染源置换通风效果的影响,结果表明:热源的位置变化对多污染热源置换通风效果的影响是很大的,房间内热源应紧凑布置以利于提高通风效果和节能。     

化学降阻剂在山地环境中的应用研究

把山地环境划分为4种类型,并对各自的特点进行了分析.从导电机理和降阻机理两个方面分析了化学降阻剂的降阻功能,根据不同地质条件讨论了化学降阻剂的合理选择,并对化学降阻剂的应用方法和技术进行了研究,为山区防雷提供一定的参考价值.