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Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution has become the chief physical pollution for environment. The core-nanoshell composite absorbers with magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core and nanocrystalline magnetic material as shell were prepared by high-energy ball milling. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vector network analyzer (VNA) analysis indicated that perfect-crystalline nanomagnetic material coating was gotten with a particle size of 12 nm, being dried at 60°C for 2 hr and calcined at 400°C for 1 hr after ball milling. The exchange-coupling interaction happened between ferrite of cenosphere and soft magnet γ-Fe203 coating, it enhances magnetic loss of composite absorbers. In the frequency between 1 MHz and 1 GHz, the absorbing effectiveness of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers can achieve ?30 dB, it is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption. 相似文献
43.
Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of N and P removal under different influent organic carbon concentration in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with simple anaerobic/aerobic operating mode. Experimental results indicated that, under the operating condition of influent N concentration of 89 mg/L and P concentration of 15 mg/L, when the influent C/N ratio increased from 1.5 to 6.9 (influent C/P ratio from 9 to 41), total N and P removal efficiency improved from 50% and 46% to 78% and 96% respectively. Track studies of N, P and other operating parameters demonstrated that N removal of the SBR was realized through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the aeration phase and anoxic denitrificaiton in the filling phase, P removal was accomplished through conventional anaerobic P release and aerobic P taken-up process. Keeping dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration during the first two aeration hours as low as 0.1-0.6 mg/L is essential for the simultaneous occurrences of nitrification, denitrification and P-taken up. 相似文献
44.
Mao Ye Mingming Sun Fredrick Orori Kengar Jingting Wang Ni Ni Li Wang Yang Song Xinglun Yang Huixin Li Feng Hu Xin Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1661-1672
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)/heavy metals/fluorine(F) mixed-contaminated sites caused by abandoned metallurgic plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental problems,this study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin(CMCD) and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC) solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting mixed contaminants. Further,Tenax extraction method was combined with a first-three-compartment model to evaluate the environmental risk of residual PAHs in washed soil. In addition,the redistribution of heavy metals/F after decontamination was also estimated using a sequential extraction procedure. Three successive washing cycles using50 g/L CMCD and 5 g/L CMC solution were effective to remove 94.3% of total PAHs,93.2% of Pb,85.8% of Cd,93.4% of Cr,83.2% of Ni and 97.3% of F simultaneously. After the 3rd washing,the residual PAHs mainly existed as very slowly desorbing fractions,which were in the form of well-aged,well-sequestered compounds; while the remaining Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni and F mainly existed as Fe–Mn oxide and residual fractions,which were always present in stable mineral forms or bound to non-labile soil fractions. Therefore,this combined cleanup strategy proved to be effective and environmentally friendly. 相似文献
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通过盆栽试验,探讨了胡敏酸改性膨润土对重金属铅、镉污染土壤的钝化效果及机理。结果表明,铅、镉污染土壤中施加胡敏酸改性膨润土能显著降低小白菜中Pb、Cd的含量,在添加Cd(3 mg/kg)/Pb(250 mg/kg)污染土壤和Cd(1 0 mg/kg)/Pb(5 00 mg/kg)污染土壤上小白菜地上部分Pb含量分别比对照降低19.08%和47.91%,Cd含量分别比对照降低9.79%和14.89%。土壤本身对添加的重金属Pb/Cd有一定的耐受力和自我净化能力,在添加重金属后,添加的Pb/Cd元素大部分直接转化为较为稳定的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化结合态。相关性分析显示小白菜的鲜重与小白菜Pb/Cd含量极显著负相关,进一步说明胡敏酸改性膨润土是通过提高小白菜的生物量,从而降低Pb/Cd在小白菜中的含量。 相似文献
47.
分析2013年大气降水pH值及近10年历史演变的方法分析丹东市酸雨污染现状、特征,并从污染源和气候条件解释酸雨形成的原因,确定酸雨的形成受外来空气污染物影响较大,而酸雨强度的大小具有本地环境条件和环境污染特征。 相似文献
48.
以罗非鱼(Mossambica tilapia)为实验生物,研究了离体条件下其肝脏抗氧化系统中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性对4种溴代阻燃剂(Brominated flame retardants,BFRs)——四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)、十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)、六溴环十二烷(HBCD)和四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的响应.研究结果表明:离体暴露于4种BFRs 1 h后,罗非鱼肝脏上清液中GSH含量和SOD活性随暴露剂量升高均呈现先升高后回落的趋势,但总体均高于对照组水平;GST活性则被抑制.上述3种抗氧化参数中,同一参数对4种BFRs响应均呈现一致的变化趋势,其中GST和SOD活性响应更为灵敏.GST活性对BDE-47、BDE-209和HBCD的最低响应浓度均低于1 ng·L-1,且与TBBPA和BDE-209在一定浓度范围内存在较好的剂量-效应关系;SOD活性对4种BFRs暴露较为敏感,最低响应浓度均低于10 ng·L-1,并且与除BDE-209外的上述3种污染物在一定的浓度范围内具有良好的剂量-效应关系.因此,GST和SOD活性指标是值得进一步研究的溴代阻燃剂污染候选生物标志物. 相似文献
49.
以乌鲁木齐市某集中供热锅炉污染物减排方案为例,通过建立脱硫除尘设施综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评判法分别对两种除尘设施情况下的环境效益、经济效益以及设施能耗、物耗等指标着手,进行综合评价,最终评选出较优实施方案.评选结果表明:袋式除尘+石灰石-石膏法脱硫除尘设施方案运用于该集中供热站综合效益较好,可有效实现污染物减排,为今后燃煤锅炉环保设施的评选提供一定的参考作用. 相似文献
50.
Mao Ye Mingming Sun Ni Ni Yinwen Chen Zongtang Liu Chengang Gu Yongrong Bian Feng Hu Huixin Li Fredrick Orori Kengara Xin Jiang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):7785-7796
The present study was conducted to investigate the anaerobic biodegradation potential of biostimulation by nitrate (KNO3) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) addition on an aged organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-contaminated paddy soil. After 180 days of incubation, total OCP biodegradation was highest in soil receiving the addition of nitrate and MCD simultaneously and then followed by nitrate addition, MCD addition, and control. The highest biodegradation of chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, endosulfans, and total OCPs was 74.3, 63.5, 51.2, and 65.1 %, respectively. Meanwhile, MCD addition significantly increased OCP bioaccessibility (p?<?0.05) evaluated by Tenax TA extraction and a three-compartment model method. Moreover, the addition of nitrate and MCD also obtained the highest values of soil microbial activities, including soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, ATP production, denitrifying bacteria count, and nitrate reductase activity. Such similar trend between OCP biodegradation and soil-denitrifying activities suggests a close relationship between OCP biodegradation and N cycling and the indirect/direct involvement of soil microorganisms, especially denitrifying microorganisms in the anaerobic biodegradation of OCPs. 相似文献