基于VDI2198循环的内燃叉车实际作业排放特性

为了分析实际作业的叉车排放特征,基于VDI2198循环,采用车载排放测试系统(PEMS)对某基本型配备非道路国Ⅲ柴油发动机叉车进行前进、后退、货物举升、货物下降4种作业工况下的实车道路排放测试。结果表明,各排放物的排放速率在前进、货物举升和货物下降工况下处于较高水平,在后退工况下处于较低水平。CO_2、NO_x基于时间的排放因子在前进工况下最高,其原因是在前进工况下发动机处于合理转速工作区,进气充足,燃料燃烧较为充分,达到了高温富氧条件;CO、PN基于时间的排放因子在货物举升工况下最高,其原因是举升工况下发动机转速过高,进气不足、喷油量增加导致大量燃料不完全燃烧。后退工况下较低的CO_2基于时间排放因子,使得各污染物基于CO_2当量排放因子在后退工况下较高。与美国NONROAD模型中同类叉车排放水平对比,试验叉车的CO排放水平远低于Tier4A之前的排放水平,远高于Tier4排放水平;NO_x的排放水平低于Tier4A之前的排放水平,稍高于Tier4的排放水平。适度超载对排放影响较小,冷起动对排放影响较大。坡度增加对排放影响显著,坡度从0(平地)增至10%,CO、NO_x、PN、CO_2基于里程的排放因子分别增加了54%、19%、100%、27%;坡度从10%增加至15%,CO、NO_x、PN、CO_2基于里程的排放因子分别增加了41%、50%、51%、56%。     

Does green credit affect the green innovation performance of high-polluting and energy-intensive enterprises? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Taking the green credit policy in 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper applies the methods of propensity score matching and...     

Potential effects of soil chemical and biological properties on wood volume in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrid plantations and their responses to different intensity applications of inorganic fertilizer

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Long-term and high-intensity application of inorganic fertilizer leads to a strong variation of soil characteristics. The changes in soil chemical and...     

大通湖主要污染物浓度空间分布及其污染来源解析

为了解大通湖主要污染物TN、TP和NH3-N的空间分布特征及污染来源,于2017年9月对大通湖及周边河流进行采样分析。结果表明,大通湖周边入湖河流的ρ(TN)为0. 74～2. 18 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为0. 094～0. 874 mg/L,ρ(TP)为0. 02～0. 243 mg/L;湖体ρ(TN)为0. 82～1. 47 mg/L,呈现湖体中间低、四周高的特征,ρ(NH3-N)为0. 14～0. 42 mg/L,但整体差异较大,高值区主要在大通湖西南及东部,ρ(TP)为0. 160～0. 289 mg/L,水质为Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类,TP为湖体的主要污染物,湖体的ρ(TP)变化呈现出从四周向中部增加的趋势,高值区主要集中在大通湖正南及湖心处;根据2016年大通湖区域污染源统计及入湖污染物计算,大通湖水环境的TP污染负荷大小排序为农田径流畜禽养殖生活污水工业污染网箱养鱼旅游服务。     

Assessment of Water Availability and Scarcity Based on Hydrologic Components in an Irrigated Agricultural Watershed Using SWAT

This study assesses the water availability and the water scarcity based on the hydrologic behavior under different weather conditions and crop coverages in an irrigated agricultural area of Rincon Valley in New Mexico using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Two spatial crop coverages included normal (2008) and dry (2011) years with 14 different crop sets for each year. The SWAT was applied to generate the five essential indicators (surface flow, evapotranspiration, soil water, groundwater recharge, and irrigation water) to evaluate the integrated water availability based on hydrologic response units (HRUs) along with the Arrey Canal to supply irrigation water in the crop areas. The water availability index scores (0–1 range with 1 being the most available and 0 the least available) of alfalfa, corn, cotton, and pecans were 0.21, 0.56, 0.91, and 0.20, respectively, in the normal year and 0.16, 0.78, 0.88, and 0.24, respectively, in the dry year. In the dry year, water scarcity values were high in mostly alfalfa areas, whereas cotton areas have mostly no stress with good water availability. The major water users of crops, ranked in order, were alfalfa, pecans, cotton, and corn. During the dry year, water availability showed to be balanced in terms of water supply and demand by controlling crop patterns from reducing alfalfa acreage by 12% and increasing cotton acreage by 13%.     

Optimization of co-digestion of various industrial sludges for biogas production and sludge treatment: Methane production potential experiments and modeling

Optimal biogas production and sludge treatment were studied by co-digestion experiments and modeling using five different wastewater sludges generated from paper, chemical, petrochemical, automobile, and food processing industries situated in Ulsan Industrial Complex, Ulsan, South Korea. The biomethane production potential test was conducted in simplex-centroid mixture design, fitted to regression equation, and some optimal co-digestion scenarios were given by combined desirability function based multi-objective optimization technique for both methane yield and the quantity of sludge digested. The co-digestion model incorporating main and interaction effects among sludges were utilized to predict the maximum possible methane yield. The optimization routine for methane production with different industrial sludges in batches were repeated with the left-over sludge of earlier cycle, till all sludges have been completely treated. Among the possible scenarios, a maximum methane yield of 1161.53 m³ is anticipated in three batches followed by 1130.33 m³ and 1045.65 m³ in five and two batches, respectively. This study shows a scientific approach to find a practical solution to utilize diverse industrial sludges in both treatment and biogas production perspectives.     

Enhanced performance of alkali-modified Bi2WO6/Bi0.15Ti0.85O2 toward photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO under visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered as one of the promising ways to resolve indoor air HCHO pollution. TiO2 has been well...     

序批式生物膜反应器处理农村生活污水的填料对比研究

选用4种填料进行序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理农村生活污水的研究,通过出水COD、NH4+-N等指标的测定以及生物膜的扫描电镜观察,考察了运用不同填料时SBBR的污染物去除情况和生物膜的长势,以期筛选出适用于农村生活污水处理的填料。结果表明,3#、4#SBBR(分别选用组合填料和碳素纤维填料)的DO、pH波动幅度均相对较小,比1#、2#SBBR(分别选用立体网状填料及海绵填料)更加稳定;4#SBBR的COD去除效果最好,水力停留时间仅需5h,3#SBBR的COD去除效果其次,所需水力停留时间为6h,而1#、2#SBBR在运行8h时也无法将COD完全消化;3#、4#SBBR出水的NH4+-N、TN去除效果均高于1#、2#SBBR;采用4种填料的SBBR的生物膜长势优劣情况为碳素纤维填料>组合填料>海绵填料>立体网状填料;碳素纤维填料及组合填料在受到进水负荷冲击后,能相对较快适应环境,且填料上的微生物活性较高,较适合运用于中国农村生活污水的处理。     

三峡水库水质移动监测指标筛选方法研究

三峡水库水质移动监测体系构建对提升库区整体水质监测能力具有重要意义，其基础工作是科学筛选适合移动监测的水质指标。从三峡水库水质监测现状出发，分析三峡水库水质移动监测需求，并根据其水环境状况与移动监测特点，制定三峡水库水质移动监测指标选取原则。通过分析目前指标筛选的经典数学方法，并根据其不同特点与适用性，选用德尔菲法对水质移动监测指标进行初次筛选、主成分分析法进行第二次筛选，构成一套将定性筛选与定量筛选相结合的方式作为三峡水库水质移动监测指标选取方法，并以三峡库区长江干流典型断面江津大桥为例，用上述方法筛选出该断面移动监测指标为总氮、总磷、溶解氧、氟化物、铜、pH、COD、BOD、高锰酸盐指数、石油类、氨氮、汞、挥发酚与砷。研究结果可为三峡水库水质移动监测工作提供前期基础和理论支撑     

安徽省沿江地区棉花生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响

为进一步了解安徽省沿江地区棉花生长季气候变化特征及其对产量的影响，以安徽省沿江地区12个棉花主产市、县气象观测站1961～2010年逐日平均气温、降水量和日照时数气象数据为基础，采用线性趋势法和Mann Kendall非参数检验法，分析了平均气温、≥10℃积温、降水量、日照时数等气象要素的变化特征，并讨论其变化对棉花气象产量的影响。结果表明：近50 a，安徽省沿江地区棉花生长季平均气温和≥10℃积温均呈明显增加趋势(P<001)，平均每10 a分别增加016℃和3713℃·d；降水量无明显变化趋势(P>005)；日照时数显著减少(P<001)，平均每10 a减少4692 h。棉花气象产量与生长季降水量、日照时数呈极显著相关关系，与平均气温、≥10℃积温相关不明显；平均气温、≥10℃积温和日照时数的增加均有利于棉花产量的提高，而降水过多不利于棉花产量的形成