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941.
从水质变化过程、水体空间维度和边界条件三个方面简要回顾了水环境模拟的研究与发展进程。介绍了目前国内外广泛应用的综合性水质模型软件:QUAL2E/2K、CE-QUAL-RIV1、MIKE11、CE-QUAL-W2、MIKE21、Delft3D、WASP、EFDC、BASINS、WARMF、SMS的特点和适用范围,重点讨论了EFDC和WASP集成应用于复杂水环境模拟的优势。对复杂水环境模拟的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
942.
943.
944.
Weiqing Meng Cui Hao Hongyuan Li Meiting Ju 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(2):203-212
This study presents a quantitative and ecological benefit evaluation of the Baiyangdian wetland in China between the years
2000 and 2006. Methods of EMERGY analysis were applied to illustrate the wetland ecosystem, to evaluate the economic and environmental
inputs and consequent yields, and to assess the sustainability of the Baiyangdian wetland. The indicators for the integrated
ecological and economic system, such as EMERGY yield ratio (EYR) (7.51), EMERGY investment ratio (EIR) (4.52), environmental
loading ratio (ELR) (2.92), EMERGY exchange ratio (0.41), and EMERGY sustainable indicator (ESI) (2.57) were calculated, compared,
analyzed, and discussed. The non-renewable investment in Baiyangdian was greater than renewable investment, leading to the
unsustainable development of the system. High EYR indicated that the Baiyangdian integrated system had created huge profits
for its people, while ELR and ESI revealed that human behavior has been a heavy burden on the environment, and countermeasures
should be taken by the Chinese government to relieve and resolve these problems. Potential management methods were also proposed
in this paper. 相似文献
945.
QIU Rongliang WANG Shizhong QIU Hao WANG Xuemei LIAO Jin ZHANG Zhentian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(8):1108-1118
The current acid deposition critical loads in Guangdong, China were calculated using the PROFILE model with a 3 km × 3 km resolution. Calculations were carried out for critical loads of potential acidity, actual acidity, sulfur and nitrogen, with values in extents of 0–3.5, 0–14.0, 0–26.0 and 0–3.5 kmol/(hm2·year), respectively. These values were comparable to previously reported results and reflected the influences of vegetation and soil characteristics on the soil acid buffering capacity. Simulations of S... 相似文献
946.
Concentrations and chemical forms of potentially toxic metals in road-deposited sediments from different zones of Hangzhou, China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones (industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside) in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in these samples were determined using the ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HCl (aqua regia), and chemically fractionated using the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The highest metal concentration level was detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy traffic. While the lowest metal level was noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Zn (80.28%), Pb (78.68%), Cd (77.66%) > Cu (73.34%) > Mn (67.92%) > Co (41.66%) > Ni (30.36%) > Cr (21.56%), Fe (20.86%). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, traffic, and industry. 相似文献
947.
为获得同时具有有机亲和性和磁分离特性的吸附材料,以凹凸棒石黏土和废活性白土为原材料,通过铁盐水解共沉淀和在氢气气氛下程序升温煅烧的方法,制备廉价的凹凸棒石γ-Fe2O3/碳纳米复合材料.运用磁化率分析,红外吸收光谱,透射电镜,X射线衍射分析和碳含量分析对其进行了表征,并研究了复合材料吸附去除水中苯酚的动力学、吸附试验中pH的影响及同等条件下与其他吸附材料吸附性能的对比.结果表明,复合材料的磁化率值为2 769×10-8m3/kg,用磁分离工序即可把该吸附材料从溶液中快速分离出来;铁的磁性氧化物以γ-Fe2O3的形态负载到凹凸棒石表面,颗粒直径为10~60nm;碳以无定形的形态负载在凹凸棒石晶体表面;复合材料中的ω(碳)为7.4%,材料中出现了有机官能团-CH3和-CH2-.对苯酚的吸附试验表明,复合材料对苯酚的去除率是凹凸棒石原矿的3倍. 相似文献
948.
长三角重点行业大气污染物排放及控制对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究重点分析了长江三角洲地区电力和水泥行业的大气污染物排放特征,并结合相关行业统计数据和污染物排放因子,对2004年这两个重点行业的大气污染物排放量进行了估算。结论如下:长三角地区火电行业2004年SO2、烟尘、NOX和燃煤大气汞排放量分别为149.2×104t、21.1×104t、87.6×104t和13.7t。2004年江、浙、沪三地水泥行业共排放工艺粉尘76.2×104t,其中PM10为70.1×104t、PM2.5为45.9×104t,气态污染物SO2、NOX、CO和氟化物排放量分别为12.4×104t、49.5×104t、247.9×104t和7.4×104t。并对长三角地区电力和水泥行业的污染控制问题提出一些相关举措。 相似文献
949.
950.
稻壳是稻谷加工过程中最大的副产品,我国稻壳资源丰富,但目前并没有被充分有效地利用,即浪费了资源、又污染了环境。随着经济与社会的发展,在资源消耗量不断加大的同时,研究稻壳的合理利用,使稻壳资源化、变废为宝,解决污染问题,实现节能减排目标。 相似文献