开发和建设西南能源基地是解决我国能源短缺的重要途径

西南地区是我国第二大能源基地，水能蕴藏可开发年发电量１．０３万亿ｋｗ·ｈ，占全国的５４％，煤炭保有储量７７０亿ｔ左右，占全国的１０％。和以山西为中心的能源基地一起，形成了“北煤南运”和“西电东送”两个格局。但是西南能源基地的水能资源开发程度很低，按发电量计算，仅占水电可开发总量的１．３％。目前能源短缺已成为我国工业发展中的突出问题。因此，合理布局、综合开发和建设西南能源基地，是解决我国能源短缺的重要途径。     

蓄水、调水、发电，扼制生态环境恶化

蓄水是根本，调水是手段，发电是关键。植树造林和拦河筑坝建设水库电站以及沟渠塘蓄水，可以防止水土流失和水能浪费；调水可以解决横向和纵向水资源分布不平衡带来的问题；发电可以解决调水所需动力和全国缺电的问题。其经济效益约合２０００亿元，而且还能扼制生态环境的恶化，减少每年４６．６×１０４ｈｍ２土地的损失，缓解荆江大堤和黄河下游大堤越筑越高之危。     

Investigation of a new approach to decompose two potent greenhouse gases: photoreduction of SF(6) and SF(5)CF(3) in the presence of acetone

In this paper, we addressed the utilization of photochemical method as an innovative technology for the destruction and removal of two potent greenhouse gases, SF(6) and SF(5)CF(3). The destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of the process was determined as a function of excitation wavelength, irradiation time, initial ratio of acetone to SF(5)X (X represented F or CF(3)), initial SF(5)X concentration, additive oxygen and water vapor concentration. A complete removal was achieved by a radiation period of 55min and 120min for SF(6)-CH(3)COCH(3) system and SF(5)CF(3)-CH(3)COCH(3) system respectively under 184.9nm irradiation. Extra addition of water vapor can enhance DRE by approximately 6% points in both systems. Further studies with GC/MS and FT-IR proved that no hazardous products such as S(2)F(10), SO(2)F(2), SOF(2), SOF(4) were generated in this process.     

论湘中城市群经济的融合耦动与可持续发展

本文以湘中（长株潭）城市群作为研究对象,概述了湘中城市群经济融合的总体特征,对其城市群空间生长演化过程中存在的问题和应采取的对策,经济如何实现可持续发展进行了探讨。     

Characterization of the extracellular biodemulsifiers secreted by Bacillus cereus LH-6 and the enhancement of demulsifying efficiency by optimizing the cultivation conditions

A highly efficient demulsifying strain, LH-6, was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and identified as Bacillus cereus by 16S rDNA gene analysis. It achieved 95.61 and 95.40 % demulsifying ratios within 12 h for water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) model emulsions, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detections indicated that the LH-6’s extracellular biodemulsifiers were different types of lipopeptides for the W/O and O/W emulsions. Optimization of the culture medium composition was conducted to improve the biosynthesis and demulsifying efficiency of the biodemulsifier. The optimal carbon source was liquid paraffin, while waste frying oil could also be an alternative carbon source. The optimal nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate and yeast extract. To further enhance the biodemulsifier efficiency, the optimal cultivation conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotation design (CCRD). Using the optimized cultivation conditions, the demulsifying ratios increased to 98.23 and 97.65 % for the W/O and O/W model emulsions, respectively.     

科学发展观视野的循环经济建设

科学发展观是时代的产物,是对马克思理论的完善,是人类社会的宝贵财富.循环经济经济观要求在经济系统内部实现所有要素的循环.循环经济系统观要求构建一个由人、信息资源、知识资源、自然资源、生产、消费、创新等构成的大系统.循环经济价值观,具有结论性的理念为劳动是循环经济体系中创造价值的唯一源泉.循环经济生产观是循环经济经济观在经济建设中的具体体现,是循环经济系统观中循环经济大系统的细化部分,是循环经济价值观的具体落实.循环经济消费观要求建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会.循环经济创新观要求最终实现整个社会的良性创新、以创新构建生态文明的宏伟蓝图.循环经济自然观是辩证唯物主义自然观在生态文明时代的展现.循环经济全局观是循环经济能够在全人类意义上实现的根本思路.透过科学发展观的视野,展望循环经济的建设,启发着人们的思路、引导着人们的行为.     

海泡石、膨润土改性壳聚糖对景观水絮凝效果的研究

壳聚糖及海泡石、膨润土均是纯天然、无害物质,利用海泡石、膨润土等粘土改性壳聚糖制备生态絮凝剂是絮凝剂发展的重要方向,将其应用于景观水的治理,可以有效地改善景观水的观赏性.以苏州艺圃园林景观水为例,研究了两种改性絮凝剂的絮凝效果.苏州艺圃园林景观水内藻类以绿藻Chlorphyta为主,鉴于景观水的特殊观赏性,以浊度大小设定正交试验,得出了投放量、配比、醋酸用量、搅拌时间的最优值.试验证明海泡石、膨润土均对壳聚糖絮凝产生矾花的密实度和分形维数[1]有明显的增强效果,膨润土效果略好,克服了壳聚糖分子量较小、吸附架桥能力差、矾花不够密实的缺点.在最优条件下,这两种改性后的絮凝剂可使水样浊度降至5 NTU以下,叶绿素a的去除率达93％以上,明显好于单独使用壳聚糖絮凝剂的情况.随原水浊度的增加,浊度去除率缓慢减小,pH值在7.5～8.5之间浊度去除率最高,温度对絮凝效果影响不大.试验表明壳聚糖及海泡石、膨润土两种改性絮凝剂对景观水的治理和生态絮凝剂的制备具有指导意义.     

白菜叶绿体DNA快速提取及分析

采用SDS-蛋白酶法提取了白菜的叶绿体DNA.琼脂糖电泳及紫外分光光度分析表明,所提取的叶绿体DNA质量高,除cpDNA主环外,在胞质雄性不育新种质及原不育系中还存在约1375bp和831bp的两条质粒分子.用所提取的叶绿体DNA作为模板进行RAPD扩增,获得了清晰的扩增图谱.该方法与传统的提取方法相比省时、高效、无污染.图2表1参14     

The Relationship Between Exposure to Arsenic Concentrations in Drinking Water and the Development of Skin Lesions in Farmers from Inner Mongolia, China

Associations between the concentration of arsenic naturally occurring in drinking water and the development of skin lesions in people have been documented for some years at various locations around the world. Data on the exposure-response relationship between concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of skin lesions in farmers from five locations in Inner Mongolia, China have been collected from the original publications and re-analysed together as a meta-study. The calculated data show a positive linear exposure-response relationship without a threshold. The reasons for this linear correlation are discussed and compared with the data from Xinjiang, another arsenism area located in a different geographical area of China. Here a different relationship was recorded that involved a threshold concentration before skin lesions developed. The significance of these two different exposure-response scenarios is discussed.     

Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Arsenism: An Intervention Trial in Inner Mongolia

This paper reports the effects of a placebo-controlled Se-enriched yeast supplementation trial, conducted for 14 months, on arsenism in adult farmers living in a rural community in Inner Mongolia, China. The farmers had been naturally exposed to elevated concentrations of As in drinking water from tube-wells since 1983 but changed to arsenic-free drinking water when the trial began in June 1996. Blood and hair Se and As concentrations were analysed pre-intervention and at the end of the 3rd, 9th and 14th month, while skin lesions were assessed pre-intervention, as well as at the end of the 14th month, using the Arsenism Clinical Criteria established by the Ministry of Health, China. As the trial was a voluntary one, a number of farmers did not routinely have their blood and hair samples taken for analysis. Consequently, the data have been analysed in two categories. Fifty-four farmers from the Se-group and 29 from the placebo-group who were sampled on each occasion were considered as one group, which has been compared with the second group comprising up to a total of 100 farmers in the Se-group and 86 in the placebo-group. Results calculated for those farmers who were sampled on each occasion, showed that at the end of the trial, blood and hair Se concentrations of the Se-group increased from 0.130 to 0.186 µg ml^–1 and from 0.431 to 0.502 µg g^–1, respectively, while those of the placebo-groups remained constant. Blood and hair As concentrations of the Se-group decreased from 0.051 to 0.015 µg ml^–1 and from 2.57 to 0.680 µg g^–1, respectively, a greater reduction than those in the placebo-group that went from 0.064 to 0.024 µg ml^–1 and from 2.62 to 1.25 µg g^–1, respectively. When the data from all patients were examined, the analytical trends were similar. An evaluation of skin lesions in the category who were sampled for hair and blood on each occasion showed that 41.2% of hyperkeratosis, 50.0% of depigmentation and 44.7% of pigmentation in the Se-group improved one or more degrees, while those in the placebo-group improved by only 7.1, 12.0 and 6.7%, respectively. A total of 61.1% of the adults in Se-group improved in one or more type of skin lesion, but only 17.2% improved in the placebo-group. Comparable results were obtained when all the data from both categories of farmers were examined. Results from the trial showed that Se supplementation was more effective for the improvement of adults who were affected by double or triple skin lesions. In the placebo-group, most of the severely affected adults improved in only one kind of skin lesion, but in the Se-group, more adults improved in two or three kinds of skin lesions. Although the trial was limited by its relatively small size, the results have provided some evidence of the usefulness of Se supplementation for people affected by arsenism.