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991.
992.
在希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens)呼吸驱动下,成功制备了生源性还原态的氧化石墨烯(r-GO)修饰的碳毡电极,进一步研究了r-GO修饰碳毡电极与微生物相互作用的电化学特征.结果表明:经r-GO修饰的碳毡电极与微生物的相互作用程度得到显著提升,这主要是由于修饰后电极的扩散内阻(R_(dif))得到快速降低的结果.将r-GO修饰后的碳毡电极作为阳极应用于微生物燃料电池(MFC)中,经微生物呼吸驱动下的石墨烯修饰电极,由于R_(dif)降低导致电极的电化学活性增强,使得电极和微生物相互作用程度得到提升,从而缩短了MFC启动时间,提高了MFC的产电能力.研究进一步表明,r-GO对电极的修饰,调控了对电极电化学活性及生源性电子向电极表面的传递过程. 相似文献
993.
胡伟 《安全.健康和环境》2018,18(1):26-27
采用现场调查、职业病危害因素检测等方法,对某油田集输系统化学助剂中有毒物质进行了调查和分析,在防护设施、个体防护用品方面提出针对性的建议。 相似文献
994.
Batch experiments were performed to derive the rate laws for the proton-promoted dissolution of the main vanadium (III, IV and V) oxides at pH 3.1–10.0. The release rates of vanadium are closely related to the aqueous pH, and several obvious differences were observed in the release behavior of vanadium from the dissolution of V2O5 and vanadium(III, IV) oxides. In the first 2 hr, the release rates of vanadium from V2O3 were r = 1.14·([H+])0.269 at pH 3.0–6.0 and r = 0.016·([H+])? 0.048 at pH 6.0–10.0; the release rates from VO2 were r = 0.362·([H+])0.129 at pH 3.0–6.0 and r = 0.017·([H+])? 0.097 at pH 6.0–10.0; and the release rates from V2O5 were r = 0.131·([H+])? 0.104 at pH 3.1–10.0. The release rates of vanadium from the three oxides increased with increasing temperature, and the effect of temperature was different at pH 3.8, pH 6.0 and pH 7.7. The activation energies of vanadium (III, IV and V) oxides (33.4–87.5 kJ/mol) were determined at pH 3.8, pH 6.0 and pH 7.7, showing that the release of vanadium from dissolution of vanadium oxides follows a surface-controlled reaction mechanism. The release rates of vanadium increased with increasing vanadium oxides dose, albeit not proportionally. This study, as part of a broader study of the release behavior of vanadium, can help to elucidate the pollution problem of vanadium and to clarify the fate of vanadium in the environment. 相似文献
995.
为总结梳理环境态度定义、测量方法、影响因素及其对环境行为的影响,采用文献综述与元分析(meta-analysis)的方法,检索Elsevier ScienceDirect数据库、Web of Science Core Collection数据库、中国人民大学中文学术资源发现平台和中国知网(CNKI)中有关环境态度的文献,并从检索出的652篇相关文献中筛选出202篇核心文献、提取出43篇实证文献,对环境态度与4类环境行为之间的关系进行定量分析.结果表明,从环境态度定义和测量方式来看,国内外研究者对环境态度有着诸多定义,但都集中在“情感”“信念”“行为意图与倾向”等心理学方面;环境态度的测量方式也较多,诸多测量量表被开发,其中新环境范式量表和新生态范式量表在该领域占据着重要地位.从环境态度的影响因素来看,众多研究者从心理学和社会人口学方面进行研究,国外研究者对这两大方面有着广泛研究,价值观和道德、性别、年龄、收入、教育和知识皆为研究热点,而国内研究者比较注重环境知识这一影响因素.环境态度与环境行为之间综合相关系数为0.309(P < 0.001),环境态度与环境行为之间呈显著正相关关系.分别考察环境态度与回收行为、能源消费行为、绿色购买行为以及出行行为等4类环境行为间的关系发现,环境态度与绿色购买行为综合相关系数为0.334(P < 0.001),高于回收行为、能源消费行为和出行行为.研究还显示,在4类环境行为中,绿色购买行为与环境态度的相关性最强:一方面,环境态度有利于促进环境行为,因此可以通过教育、宣传等干预手段提高公众的环保态度,从而促进各类环保行为.另一方面,环境态度对于不同类型环保行为的促进效果是不同的,因此为促进公众的绿色购买行为,可以考虑增加对环境态度的教育和宣传,提高公众的环境态度;而对于促进节约用水、用电等能源消费行为,则不仅需要提高公众的环境态度,还需要结合其他更有效的干预手段(如价格干预、提示标志等). 相似文献
996.
Bacterial community structure and iron corrosion were investigated for simulated drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs) composed of annular reactors incorporating three different treatments: ozone, biologically activated carbon and chlorination(O_3-BAC-Cl_2);ozone and chlorination(O3-Cl_2); or chlorination alone(Cl_2). The lowest corrosion rate and iron release, along with more Fe_3O_4 formation, occurred in DWDSs with O_3-BAC-Cl_2 compared to those without a BAC filter. It was verified that O_3-BAC influenced the bacterial community greatly to promote the relative advantage of nitrate-reducing bacteria(NRB)in DWDSs. Moreover, the advantaged NRB induced active Fe(III) reduction coupled to Fe(II) oxidation, enhancing Fe_3O_4 formation and inhibiting corrosion. In addition, O_3-BAC pretreatment could reduce high-molecular-weight fractions of dissolved organic carbon effectively to promote iron particle aggregation and inhibit further iron release. Our findings indicated that the O_3-BAC treatment, besides removing organic pollutants in water, was also a good approach for controlling cast iron corrosion and iron release in DWDSs. 相似文献
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1000.
When investigating the impact of air pollution on health, particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter(PM_(2.5)) is considered more harmful than particulates of other sizes. Therefore, studies of PM_(2.5) have attracted more attention. Beijing, the capital of China,is notorious for its serious air pollution problem, an issue which has been of great concern to the residents, government, and related institutes for decades. However, in China,significantly less time has been devoted to observing PM_(2.5) than for PM_(10). Especially before 2013, the density of the PM_(2.5) ground observation network was relatively low, and the distribution of observation stations was uneven. One solution is to estimate PM_(2.5) concentrations from the existing data on PM_(10). In the present study, by analyzing the relationship between the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10), and the meteorological conditions for each season in Beijing from 2008 to 2014, a U-shaped relationship was found between the daily maximum wind speed and the daily PM concentration, including both PM_(2.5) and PM_(10). That is, the relationship between wind speed and PM concentration is not a simple positive or negative correlation in these wind directions; their relationship has a complex effect, with higher PM at low and high wind than for moderate winds.Additionally, in contrast to previous studies, we found that the PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) ratio is proportional to the mean relative humidity(MRH). According to this relationship, for each season we established a multiple nonlinear regression(MNLR) model to estimate the PM_(2.5) concentrations of the missing periods. 相似文献