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121.
122.
Application of water quality indices and analysis of the surface water quality monitoring network in semiarid North-Central Chile 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Espejo L Kretschmer N Oyarzún J Meza F Núñez J Maturana H Soto G Oyarzo P Garrido M Suckel F Amezaga J Oyarzún R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(9):5571-5588
Surface water quality has increasing importance worldwide and is particularly relevant in the semiarid North-Central Chile, where agriculture and mining activities are imposing heavy pressure on limited water resources. The current study presents the application of a water quality index in four watersheds of the 29°-33°S realm for the period 1999-2008, based on the Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment approach and the Chilean regulation for irrigation water quality. In addition, two modifications to the index are tested and a comprehensive characterization of the existing monitoring network is performed through cluster analysis. The basins studied show fairly good water quality in the overall, specially the Limarí basin. On the other hand, the lower index values were obtained for the headwaters of Elqui, associated with the El Indio mining district. The first modification of the indicator (i.e., to consider parameters differentially according to their effect on human health or the environment) did not produce major differences with respect to the original index, given the generally good water quality. The second modification (i.e., to consider as threshold values the more restrictive figures derived from a set of regulations) yielded important differences in the indicator values. Finally, an adequate characterization of the monitoring network was obtained. The results presented spatial coherence and the information can be used as a basis for the optimization of the monitoring network if required. 相似文献
123.
Deterrent compounds are important in influencing the food selection of many phytophagous insects. Plants containing deterrents,
such as alkaloids, are generally unfavored and typically avoided by many polyphagous lepidopteran species, including the gypsy
moth Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). We tested the deterrent effects of eight alkaloids using two-choice feeding bioassays.
Each alkaloid was applied at biologically relevant concentrations to glass fiber disks and leaf disks from red oak trees (Quercus rubra) (L.), a plant species highly favored by these larvae. All eight alkaloids tested on glass fiber disks were deterrent to
varying degrees. When these alkaloids were applied to leaf disks, only seven were still deterrent. Of these seven, five were
less deterrent on leaf disks compared with glass fiber disks, indicating that their potency was dramatically reduced when
they were applied to leaf disks. The reduction in deterrency may be attributed to the phagostimulatory effect of red oak leaves
in suppressing the negative deterrent effect of these alkaloids, suggesting that individual alkaloids may confer context-dependent
deterrent effects in plants in which they occur. This study provides novel insights into the feeding behavioral responses
of insect larvae, such as L. dispar, to selected deterrent alkaloids when applied to natural vs artificial substrates and has the potential to suggest deterrent
alkaloids as possible candidates for agricultural use. 相似文献
124.
Molecular characterisation of a prenatally diagnosed 5q15q21.3 deletion and review of the literature
125.
Managing the Koala Problem: Interdisciplinary Perspectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elaine Stratford Nicole Mazur † Daniel Lunney ‡ and David Bennett§ 《Conservation biology》2000,14(3):610-618
Abstract: There is a complex scientific, ethical, and cultural debate in Australia about how best to conserve koalas and their habitat. Despite the diverse array of management and research options promoted by scientists, wildlife agency staff, and koala advocates, there remains a gap in our acknowledgment of the social factors influencing decision making about koala conservation. Koala management research has generated valuable scientific knowledge about koala biology and ecology but has been weak about organizational and policy processes and about the cultures within which we produce, disseminate, and legitimize this kind of knowledge. We suggest that more effective koala conservation will result from making the political and cultural influences on decision making regarding the koala more explicit in research, management, and policy-making forums. Research must be conducted in the context of the cultural significance of the koala. The koala's survival depends on preserving the valuable lands that these creatures (and many others) inhabit. Ultimately, the koala symbolizes conflicting land-use values and illustrates the need for greater collaboration, cooperation, and trust among social and natural scientists in the conduct of koala conservation research, management, and policy. 相似文献
126.
Nicole Corsten-Janssen Katelijne Bouman Janouk C. D. Diphoorn Arjen J. Scheper Rianne Kinds Julia el Mecky Hanna Breet Joke B. G. M. Verheij Ron Suijkerbuijk Leonie K. Duin Gwendolyn T. R. Manten Irene M. van Langen Rolf H. Sijmons Birgit Sikkema-Raddatz Helga Westers Cleo C. van Diemen 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(10):1300-1309
Objective
Conventional genetic tests (quantitative fluorescent-PCR [QF-PCR] and single nucleotide polymorphism-array) only diagnose ~40% of fetuses showing ultrasound abnormalities. Rapid exome sequencing (rES) may improve this diagnostic yield, but includes challenges such as uncertainties in fetal phenotyping, variant interpretation, incidental unsolicited findings, and rapid turnaround times. In this study, we implemented rES in prenatal care to increase diagnostic yield.Methods
We prospectively studied 55 fetuses. Inclusion criteria were: (a) two or more independent major fetal anomalies, (b) hydrops fetalis or bilateral renal cysts alone, or (c) one major fetal anomaly and a first-degree relative with the same anomaly. In addition to conventional genetic tests, we performed trio rES analysis using a custom virtual gene panel of ~3850 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) genes.Results
We established a genetic rES-based diagnosis in 8 out of 23 fetuses (35%) without QF-PCR or array abnormalities. Diagnoses included MIRAGE (SAMD9), Zellweger (PEX1), Walker-Warburg (POMGNT1), Noonan (PTNP11), Kabuki (KMT2D), and CHARGE (CHD7) syndrome and two cases of Osteogenesis Imperfecta type 2 (COL1A1). In six cases, rES diagnosis aided perinatal management. The median turnaround time was 14 (range 8-20) days.Conclusion
Implementing rES as a routine test in the prenatal setting is challenging but technically feasible, with a promising diagnostic yield and significant clinical relevance. 相似文献127.
Camille Codaccioni Olivier Picone Véronique Lambert Paul Maurice Léo Pomar Norbert Winer Laurent Guibaud Rose-Anne Lavergne Anne-Hélène Saliou Dorothée Quinio Alexandra Benachi Catherine Noel Yves Ville Fabrice Cuillier Christelle Pomares Nicole Ferret Denis Filisetti Anne-Sophie Weingertner Valérie Vequeau-Goua Estelle Cateau Guillaume Benoist Martine Wallon Marc Dommergues Isabelle Villena Laurent Mandelbrot 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(13):1741-1752
128.
Gaël Belliot Julie Loutreul Marie Estienney Catherine Cazeaux Irina Nicorescu Serge Aho Patrick Gervais Nicole Orange Pierre Pothier Thierry Morin 《Food and environmental virology》2013,5(3):176-179
The virucidal efficacy of a pulsed light treatment applied to viral suspensions, glass beads and herb powders was studied for the F-RNA bacteriophage MS2. The experimental results obtained demonstrated the high potential of this technology to efficiently decontaminate simple matrices but underlined the complexity of application to complex food matrices. 相似文献
129.
Assessing Integrated Pest Management Adoption: Measurement Problems and Policy Implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For more than a decade, the U.S. government has promoted integrated pest management (IPM) to advance sustainable agriculture.
However, the usefulness of this practice has been questioned because of lagging implementation. There are at least two plausible
rationales for the slow implementation: (1) growers are not adopting IPM—for whatever reason—and (2) current assessment methods
are inadequate at assessing IPM implementation. Our research addresses the second plausibility. We suggest that the traditional
approach to measuring IPM implementation on its own fails to assess the distinct, biologically hierarchical components of
IPM, and instead aggregates growers’ management practices into an overall adoption score. Knowledge of these distinct components
and the extent to which they are implemented can inform government officials as to how they should develop targeted assistance
programs to encourage broader IPM use. We address these concerns by assessing the components of IPM adoption and comparing
our method to the traditional approach alone. Our results indicate that there are four distinct components of adoption—weed,
insect, general, and ecosystem management—and that growers implement the first two components significantly more often than
the latter two. These findings suggest that using a more nuanced measure to assess IPM adoption that expands on the traditional
approach, allows for a better understanding of the degree of IPM implementation. 相似文献
130.
Nicole E. Phillips 《Marine Biology》2011,158(10):2335-2342
This study evaluated whether larvae of the Indo-Pacific vermetid gastropod Dendropoma maximum are obligate planktotrophs, or whether they exhibit an intermediate feeding strategy. Experiments were conducted in Moorea,
French Polynesia (149°50′W, 17°30′S), Sep–Oct 2009, to examine D. maximum larval growth and metamorphic responses to different diets and amounts of food. Dendropoma maximum larvae required particulate food to undergo metamorphosis, but were able to survive and grow in the absence of food for up
to 20 days. Larvae in Low and Unfed food treatments exhibited phenotypic plasticity by growing a larger velum (the larval
feeding structure) compared with those in high food. Unfed D. maximum larvae had a slower initial growth rate; however, by 11-day post-hatch fed and unfed larvae had converged on the same mean
shell height (553 μm), which was only 10% larger than the initial size at hatching. Therefore, although the nutritional strategy
of D. maximum larvae is best described as obligate planktotrophy, it appears to approach an intermediate feeding strategy. 相似文献