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排序方式: 共有1349条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
选择由玉米秸秆、稻壳和稻草秸秆在825℃制成的生物质炭作为吸附剂,通过模拟实验,研究其对溶液中活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附特性,考察了pH值、时间、溶液初始浓度和生物质炭用量对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当pH为2.0时,玉米秸秆炭和稻壳炭对活性艳蓝的吸附量均达到最大,而pH对稻草秸秆炭的影响不大;三者达到吸附平衡的时间分别为180、300和360 min,最大吸附量分别为114.05、54.60和68.19 mg/g。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述;动力学实验表明,吸附过程更符合拟二级动力学模型;热力学数据分析发现,吸附过程是自发进行的吸热过程。 相似文献
92.
Bioconversion of dairy manure by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) for biodiesel and sugar production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Modern dairies cause the accumulation of considerable quantity of dairy manure which is a potential hazard to the environment. Dairy manure can also act as a principal larval resource for many insects such as the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are considered as a new biotechnology to convert dairy manure into biodiesel and sugar. BSFL are a common colonizer of large variety of decomposing organic material in temperate and tropical areas. Adults do not need to be fed, except to take water, and acquired enough nutrition during larval development for reproduction. Dairy manure treated by BSFL is an economical way in animal facilities. Grease could be extracted from BSFL by petroleum ether, and then be treated with a two-step method to produce biodiesel. The digested dairy manure was hydrolyzed into sugar. In this study, approximately 1248.6 g fresh dairy manure was converted into 273.4 g dry residue by 1200 BSFL in 21 days. Approximately 15.8 g of biodiesel was gained from 70.8 g dry BSFL, and 96.2 g sugar was obtained from the digested dairy manure. The residual dry BSFL after grease extraction can be used as protein feedstuff. 相似文献
93.
Geochemical processes of mercury in Wujiangdu and Dongfeng reservoirs, Guizhou, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xinbin Feng Hongmei Jiang Guangle Qiu Haiyu Yan Guanghui Li Zhonggen Li 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):2970-2984
The geochemical processes of mercury in Dongfeng (DF) and Wujiangdu (WJD) reservoirs, which were constructed in 1992 and 1979, respectively in Wujiang River, which is the upper branch of Yangtze River were investigated. One sampling site was chosen upriver of 1 km from the dam for each reservoir. Three sampling campaigns were conducted at these sampling sites in December 2003, April 2004 and July 2004, respectively. The distributions of different mercury species in the water column, sediment, and sediment pore water were studied. We found that the sediment is the net source of both inorganic and MeHg to the water column for both reservoirs. The MeHg diffusion fluxes in WJD reservoir at all sampling campaigns were significantly higher than those in DF reservoir. Our study demonstrated that the high primary productivity in the reservoir produced elevated organic matter content that would favor the methylmercury production in sediment. 相似文献
94.
Qinsong Xu Han Qiu Weiyue Chu Yongyang Fu Sanjuan Cai Haili Min Sha Sha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8672-8679
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate copper (Cu) subcellular distribution and toxicity in Hydrilla verticillata. Fronds were subjected to different concentrations (15, 75, and 150 μM) of Cu for 7 days. Cu grains were found in cell walls, plasmodesmata, and within the nuclei and chloroplasts using the autometallographic technique. Subcellular fractionation of Cu-containing tissues indicated that in leaves subjected to high Cu concentrations, 59–65 % of the element was located in the cell wall fraction, followed by cell organelles (21–30 %) and the soluble fraction (10–14 %). The levels of K, P, Zn, and Mg declined under all Cu concentrations, but Ca, Mn, and Fe contents reached their peak at 15 μM Cu and decreased thereafter. F v/F m, F 0, and F m fell significantly in line with the decrease in pigment content. Cu exposure also caused significant damage to the chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nuclei, including disintegration of the chloroplasts and vacuolization of the mitochondria and nuclei, all of which suggested that Cu hastened plant senescence. The Cu maximum permissible concentration for H. verticillata was 10 μM, which was less than the existing general water quality standard. This suggested that H. verticillata could be used to assess Cu phytotoxicity. 相似文献
95.
含油污泥的处理与利用 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
石油开采和加工过程中产生的含油污泥,带有有害物质和较高的热值,既需处理又可综合利用,这是一个复杂而又重要的课题。当前,我国含油污泥处理与利用和国外先进水平有较大差距,处理装置技术落后,不配套,多数污泥未进行无害化处理,造成了环境污染和能源资源的浪费。在收集了大量资料的基础上,列举了含油污泥的性质及危害。“九五”期间应积极开展先进工艺设备的引进推广工作,特别在含油污泥的脱水干燥、污油回收和绿化利用上,可推广江汉、中原油田的先进工艺设备,使含油污泥达到无害化乃至变废为宝。 相似文献
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98.
With the emergence of risk‐based corrective action decisions, there is interest in the use of more natural techniques that may be as protective as the traditional removal, landfill, or capping approaches for impoundment closure. The use of phytoremediation is one of the more promising techniques. This article presents the results of a three‐year field‐pilot phytoremediation study that involved the use of plants to enhance sludge dewatering at an inactive natural gas‐cracking wastewater lagoon. The dewatering was accompanied by contaminant reduction of benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), and naphthalene concentrations to below the cleanup goals. Meanwhile, the concentration reductions of three or more ring polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) varied between 30 percent and 60 percent, except for dibenz[a,h]anthracene. The residual PAHs in the sludge are not leaching. Parallel laboratory studies suggest a reduced PAH availability and mobility in the unsaturated zone sludge. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
99.
新疆是一个自然灾害较多的地区,地震灾害、地质灾害、气象灾害、洪水灾害都比较频繁。本文在概述、分析上述灾害的基础上,提出了减轻自然灾害的策略。 相似文献
100.
三峡水库汞活化效应对鱼汞含量影响的预测 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
报道了三峡库区长江干流江段鱼体汞元素的含量范围为0.04 ̄0.42mg/kg(湿重),高于长江水系鱼体汞含量水平。分析了三峡库区鱼体汞含量高的原因,指出三峡库区毗邻武陵山高汞背景区,主要受汞矿开发、高汞燃煤及城市废弃物排放的影响。利用水库汞活化指数模型,预测三峡水库蓄水后库区干流及40条主要支流水域汞的活化效应将增强0.35 ̄1.5倍,鱼体汞含量将是现在鱼汞含量的1.4 ̄2.5倍;并根据不同鱼种汞 相似文献