Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.     

基于隐患整改的职业安全管理

1引言 安全的本质是系统存在的正常状态,是系统不发生意外、运行正常、进展顺利的动态过程.在此过程中,系统不对人身构成危害、不对设备造成损坏、不使系统有目的的行动暂时或永久终止.     

Evaluation and remediation of organics,nutrients and heavy metals in landfill leachate – a case study in Beijing

Leachate pollution in landfill sites is a major source of environmental concern. This study evaluates organics, nutrients and heavy metals in a landfill site in Beijing, and introduces a method combining coagulation–flocculation with filtration for the advanced treatment of leachate. The results confirm that COD_Cr, TN, NH₄⁺ ? N, TP, Mn and As in leachate treated by an anaeobic–oxic biological method are unable to meet discharge or surface water quality standards. When treated with coagulation–flocculation combined with filtration under optimal conditions (cationic polyacrylamide dosage of 8.0 mg/L; polyaluminium chloride dosage of 350 mg/L; 0.4–0.6 mm ceramsite media in the filtration process), the residual NH₄⁺? N, TN, Mn and As in the leachate meet the maximum allowed values for landfill leachate discharge or surface water quality standards in China; the exceptions are chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus. Leachate treatment processes could be further strengthened or improved.     

一株氯苯优势降解菌的降解条件优化

以氯苯降解率为降解效果指标,以降解温度、初始pH、降解时间、接种量和氯苯初始浓度为影响因素,对实验室保藏的一株氯苯优势降解菌株Lysinibacillus fusiformis LW13降解氯苯的降解条件进行优化。单因素试验结果表明,该降解菌株对氯苯的适宜降解条件分别为:温度20～40℃,pH为8.0,降解时间4 d,接种量2%～4%,氯苯初始浓度60～140 mg/L。以降解温度、氯苯初始浓度和接种量这三个显著影响因素进行正交试验,结果表明各影响因素的主次顺序为降解温度>氯苯初始浓度>接种量,最佳降解条件为降解温度35℃、氯苯初始浓度100 mg/L和接种量4%,最佳降解条件下氯苯降解率可高达93.8%。     

营养液钙源对微生物固化砂土效果影响的试验研究

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)作为一种环保型地基处理技术,其机理是通过微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀有效改善土体工程性能,参与固化反应的营养液成份不同对固化效果有显著影响。分别选用氯化钙和硝酸钙作为营养液中的钙源,通过渗透实验、干密度实验、吸水率实验、无侧限抗压强度实验从宏观角度分析钙源对微生物固化砂土物理力学指标的影响。同时,结合电镜扫描测试,从微观角度对比了不同钙源作用下碳酸钙沉淀晶体形态及空间分布的差异。研究结果表明:利用硝酸钙固化后的砂柱整体密实度更高,其破坏裂缝在饱水和干燥状态下比氯化钙固化后的砂柱更小;硝酸钙作为钙源固化后的砂柱渗透系数和吸水率更低,干密度和无侧限抗压强度也更高。电镜扫描结果显示,氯化钙为钙源形成的碳酸钙沉淀量较少,形态为球状,散落分布在砂粒表面;硝酸钙形成碳酸钙沉淀量较多,形态以球状或者立方体为主,包裹住砂颗粒,团聚效果更为明显。因此,就钙源而言,硝酸钙的微生物固化效果较氯化钙更好。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例

利用厌氧UASB+膜生物反应器MBR+纳滤工艺处理垃圾填埋场产生的垃圾渗滤液,介绍了各处理阶段的设计、运行参数和经济技术指标,设计处理规模为100 m3/d。在进水ρ(COD)为10 000 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)为5 000 mg/L,经处理后,出水ρ(COD)达到60 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)约为20 mg/L,去除率分别达到99.4%、99.6%,且出水稳定,达到地方标准DB 11/307-2005《北京市水污染排放标准》中二级排放标准。     

Microorganisms and physico-chemical properties of soils with different slope-protecting vegetation in Daguang Highway北大核心CSCD

In order to investigate the effect of different slope-protecting vegetation on soil restoration in the highways, we collected soils at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm from areas planted with Amorpha fruticosa, Periploca sepium, and Paederia scandens for 6-7 years in the Daming road section of the Daguang Highway, in October 2016. The physico-chemical properties and microbial community of the soils were then analyzed. The soil microbial community was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The correlation between the microbial community and the physico-chemical properties of the soils was determined by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that (1) the physico-chemical properties were the best for soils with Paederia scandens; the nutrient content, water holding capacity, and porosity of the soils with the three types of slope-protecting vegetation were better in the 0-10 cm layer than in the other layers; (2) the contents of soil aggregates (diameter > 5 mm) were the highest in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers for the soil with Paederia scandens; (3) the dominant bacteria in the 0-10 cm layer and dominant fungi in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm layers were higher in the soils with Pe. sepium and Pa. scandens than in the soil with A. fruticosa; and (4) results of RDA showed that the physical properties of the soils were the main factors that influenced the soil microbial community. The physical properties of the soils were sensitive to the change of soil quality. Soil quality can be improved by appropriate management measures, such as burying litter, which can subsequently improve the ecological environment of soils in sloping regions. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Numerical simulations of the effect of building configurations and wind direction on fine particulate matters dispersion in a street canyon

To explore the effect of traffic emissions on air quality within street canyon, the wind flow and pollutant dispersion distribution in urban street canyons of different H/W, building gap and wind direction are studied and discussed by 3D computational fluid dynamics simulations. The largest PM_2.5 concentrations are 46.4, 37.5, 28.4 µg/m³ when x = ? 88, ? 19.3, ? 19.3 m in 1.5 m above the ground level and the ratio of H/W is 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. The flow around the top of the building and clearance flow between the buildings in street canyon influence by different H/W, which affected the diffusion of fine particulate matters. The largest PM_2.5 concentrations are 88.1, 31.6 and 33.7 µg/m³ when x = 148.0, ? 92.3 and ? 186.7 m above the ground level of 1.5 m height and the building gap of 0, 20 and 40%, respectively. The air flows are cut by the clearance in the street canyons, and present the segmental characteristics. The largest PM_2.5 concentrations are 10.6, 11.2 and 16.0 µg/m³ when x = 165.3 m, x = 58.0 and 1.5 m above the ground level of 1.5 m height and wind direction of the parallel to the street, perpendicular to the street and southwest, respectively. Modelled PM_2.5 concentrations are basic agreement with measured PM_2.5 concentrations for southwest wind direction. These results can help analyze the difussion of PM_2.5 concentration in street canyons and urban planning.

     

三氯化铝在酸性环境中对斑马鱼幼鱼运动及学习记忆能力的影响

以斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼为实验对象,探讨三氯化铝(Al Cl3)在酸性环境中对斑马鱼幼鱼运动能力及学习记忆的影响。将受精后6 h(hours post-fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎分成2个大组,分别为对照组和三氯化铝组,以观察三氯化铝的毒性作用。每一大组又分为中性(pH7.4)、微酸(pH6.4)和酸性(pH5.4)组,以观察酸性环境分别及与三氯化铝的共同毒性作用。分别采用72 hpf斑马鱼幼鱼机械逃避反射实验、144 hpf斑马鱼幼鱼自发运动、168 hpf单一多次光刺激斑马鱼幼鱼实验等探讨在中性、微酸和酸性环境下暴露铝离子对斑马鱼幼鱼运动能力以及学习记忆的影响。结果显示:与中性环境下的三氯化铝组相比,微酸和酸性环境下的三氯化铝组可以使斑马鱼幼鱼机械逃避次数减少(P0.05),平均速度和移动距离下降(P0.001),斑马鱼幼鱼运动轨迹杂乱无章,自发触壁活动减少;单一多次光刺激实验结果发现,微酸和酸性环境下的三氯化铝组使斑马鱼幼鱼到达平台速度的光照次数显著增加且差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。以上结果说明,三氯化铝在微酸和酸性环境下,能导致斑马鱼幼鱼运动能力及学习记忆能力下降,并且酸度值越小,对斑马鱼幼鱼运动和学习记忆的影响更显著。酸度值与三氯化铝之间存在协同作用,酸性环境可以使三氯化铝毒性增加。