浅析我国应急体系和能力现代化建设

通过分析近年来我国的公共安全形势和突发事件发生基本情况,预测未来5~10年各类突发事件的发展趋势,借鉴国外应急管理工作的特点和先进经验,总结分析我国应急体系与应急能力现状及存在的主要问题,提出提升我国应急体系和能力现代化建设水平的建议。     

基于STIRPAT模型的黑龙江省碳排放影响因素研究

2005年以来,黑龙江省社会经济持续稳步发展,截至2017年,全省GDP达到15903亿元,增长近3倍,人均GDP增长2.89倍,城镇化率达到60%,第三产业占全省生产总值比重达到55.82%。与此同时,全省碳排放量从19095万吨增加到27251万吨,增长1.43倍。通过对黑龙江省13年间社会经济数据的系统分析研判,人均GDP、城镇化率、碳排放强度等因素对全省碳排放量影响显著。     

锂离子电池火灾风险管控研究现状分析

为了研究锂离子电池火灾风险管控,本文对锂离子电池火灾的特点及诱因进行了分析,通过查阅国内外相关文献,对锂离子电池模型仿真技术、火灾防治材料以及各阶段安全评价的研究状况进行归纳总结。研究发现,对锂离子电池火灾进行评价时,评价对象较为单一,无法系统地对锂离子电池火灾进行风险管控,故提出将生物免疫机理引入对锂离子电池火灾的风险管控中,为实现锂离子电池的全生命周期安全管理提供了新思路。     

长江经济带土地开发均衡度及限度评价研究

基于长江经济带11个省市2005~2015年土地变更调查数据,从土地开发均衡度和土地开发限度两方面对该地区的土地开发强度进行综合评价。研究表明:(1)长江经济带各省市土地均衡度呈现两极分化,东部和西部地区土地开发失衡,中部地区土地开发相对均衡;(2)长江经济带整体土地开发限度为5.58%,11省市均超过或临近极限值,未来需建立集约型土地开发模式;(3)长江经济带不同地区的土地开发强度差异显著,呈现出下游高上游低,东部高集聚的空间格局。因此,应参考各省市土地开发限度对规划进行修编;增强土地供给能力,为建设用地紧张地区挖掘新的开发潜力;建立跨区域的土地开发体制等,通过完善政策法规促进土地的合理开发利用。     

凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的低温吸附性能研究

首次研究凹凸棒土对饮用水中腐殖酸的低温吸附性能,考察5℃条件下,吸附时间与腐殖酸初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、pH对凹凸棒土吸附腐殖酸的影响,确定吸附剂的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和热力学等相关理论参数,研究凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附性能与机理。结果表明,江苏盱眙凹凸棒土在温度5℃、pH=4、水中腐殖酸初始浓度为5 mg/L,投加量为15 g/L的条件下,吸附180 min后对腐殖酸的去除率可达97.26%。凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附符合二级吸附动力学方程与Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附过程由孔隙内扩散过程控制,吸附为自发的吸热过程,包括物理吸附与化学吸附。根据Fre-undlich吸附等温式拟合计算,5℃、pH=7时理论最大吸附量为9 mg/g,说明凹凸棒土对于低温饮用水中腐殖酸具有良好的吸附效果。     

Provenances of atmospheric dust over Korea from Sr–Nd isotopes and rare earth elements in early 2006

Sr and Nd isotopic composition of pre- and syn-Asian dust (Hwangsa) particles collected from three different water depths at two different offshore sites, western Korea and rare earth elemental composition of syn-Asian dust particles collected from three islands around the Korean Peninsula in late April 2006 were analyzed to interpret their provenance. The dust Sr–Nd isotopic compositions vary spatiotemporally, but they show specific values when the Hwangsa event occurred. Satellite images, airmass backward trajectory modeling, and comparison with Sr–Nd isotopic ratios and rare earth elements compositions of soils and desert sands of northern China all suggest the major source of dust particles for the late April 2006 Hwangsa event to be the Mu Us Desert in northern China. Dust particles of the pre-Hwangsa period include both background dusts and the previous Hwangsa event dust particles, and they are interpreted to have been originated from various arid regions of China such as the Hobq Desert, the Mu Us Desert, and the Taklamakan Desert in different times. Different background dust sources during pre-Hwangsa period in early 2006 resulted from the changing route of the westerlies.     

便携式场(厂)内专用机动车辆制动性能检测设备的研发

设计一套可用于场(厂)内专用机动车辆制动系统现场检验的在线检测设备,将制动性能测量、多通道信号处理算法,以及智能化诊断集成于一体,通过显示窗口反馈设备运行过程中的关键参数与预警部位,并为检测结果判断安全等级,从而提高了检验效率,实现了检验设备的小型化、智能化.     

太湖大气氮、磷干湿沉降特征

于2018年1—12月,采集太湖湖滨及湖面共计9个点位600多个干湿沉降样品,估算了N、P干、湿沉降率以及全太湖2018年N、P干、湿沉降通量。结果表明,2018年太湖TN和TP月湿沉降率均值分别为161. 2和7. 1 kg/(km~2·月),TN和TP月干沉降率均值分别为103. 6和4. 5 kg/(km~2·月)。TN和TP年干沉降率空间分布规律为:湖面之上开阔水域处的TN和TP年干沉降率大于其他湖滨点位,TN和TP总沉降通量为7 702和333 t/a。2018年相比于2002—2003年,TN和TP总沉降通量分别降低了22. 6%和53. 8%。     

Evaluation of environmental impacts of food waste management by material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA)

This paper focuses on the evaluation of potential environmental impacts of food waste management practices by material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) during different life cycle stages toward the environmentally sustainable options for Daejeon Metropolitan City (DMC) in Korea. The MFA and LCA studies were conducted to examine different recycling facilities of food waste. The results of the LCA study indicate that, among the different recycling methodologies currently in practice in DMC, Scenario 4 (wet and dry feed site) conduced to higher global warming potential (GWP) and higher acidification potential (AP), whereas Scenarios 2 (wet feed site 1) and 3 (wet feed site 2) resulted in the lowest impact. This is mainly due to the emission caused during the treatment stage. For eutrophication potential (EP), Scenario 1 (composting site) contributed to higher environmental impacts due to the emission of ammonia generated during the treatment process, while in case of photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), the collection stage for all recycling facilities led to higher impacts to the environment due to the combustion of fossil fuels. This study indicates that the proper disposal of the final residues, such as solid sludge and screened materials, could aid in reducing environmental burdens.