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961.
邓庭辉 《环境监测管理与技术》1997,9(1):23-26
将当前大气环境影响预测模式应用中,对颗粒污染物地面浓度模式修正,气态污染物地面最大浓度模式选用和求长方法,静风条件下地面浓度模式及其参数选择等方面容易出现疏忽或失误的问题提出了来讨论,并提出了正确的应用方法。 相似文献
962.
963.
964.
Gu HH Qiu H Tian T Zhan SS Deng TH Chaney RL Wang SZ Tang YT Morel JL Qiu RL 《Chemosphere》2011,83(9):1234-1240
The mechanisms of stabilization by silicon-rich amendments of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in a multi-metal contaminated acidic soil and the mitigation of metal accumulation in rice were investigated in this study. The results from a pot experiment indicated that the application of fly ash (20 and 40 g kg−1) and steel slag (3 and 6 g kg−1) increased soil pH from 4.0 to 5.0-6.4, decreased the phytoavailability of heavy metals by at least 60%, and further suppressed metal uptake by rice. Diffusion gradient in thin-film measurement showed the heavy metal diffusion fluxes from soil to solution decreased by greater than 84% after remediation. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the mobile metals were mainly deposited as their silicates, phosphates and hydroxides in amended treatments. Moreover, it was found metal translocation from stem to leaf was dramatically restrained by adding amendments, which might be due to the increase of silicon concentration and co-precipitation with heavy metals in stem. Finally, a field experiment showed the trace element concentrations in polished rice treated with amendments complied with the food safety standards of China. These results demonstrated fly ash and steel slag could be effective in mitigating heavy metal accumulation in rice grown on multi-metal contaminated acidic soils. 相似文献
965.
Zhili HE Joy D. VAN NOSTRAND Ye DENG Jizhong ZHOU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(1):1-20
Functional gene arrays (FGAs) are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes, such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metals, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, energy processing, and stress responses. GeoChips are considered as the most comprehensive FGAs. Experimentally established probe design criteria and a computational pipeline integrating sequence retrieval, probe design and verification, array construction, data analysis, and automatic update are used to develop the GeoChip technology. GeoChip has been systematically evaluated and demonstrated to be a powerful tool for rapid, specific, sensitive, and quantitative analysis of microbial communities in a high-throughput manner. Several generations of GeoChip have been developed and applied to investigate the functional diversity, composition, structure, function, and dynamics of a variety of microbial communities from different habitats, such as water, soil, marine, bioreactor, human microbiome, and extreme ecosystems. GeoChip is able to address fundamental questions related to global change, bioenergy, bioremediation, agricultural operation, land use, human health, environmental restoration, and ecological theories and to link the microbial community structure to environmental factors and ecosystem functioning. 相似文献
966.
Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland, China 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Junhong Bai Baoshan CuiBin Chen Kejiang ZhangWei Deng Haifeng GaoRong Xiao 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(2):301-306
Surface sediment (0-15 cm) samples were collected from 31 different grid points throughout the Yilong Lake in April 2004. Samples were subjected to a total digestion technique and analyzed for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn in order to study spatial distribution characteristics based on Kriging method and assess their ecological risks posed by these heavy metals. Results showed that the mean concentrations of these heavy metals were lower than potential effect levels. Patches of higher heavy metal concentrations occurred in the inflow area of the Cheng River and northeast area nearby the road and railway. The higher concentrations of As and Cr also appeared in the east area (lake outlet), while the patches of lower concentrations were uniformly distributed at the southwest corner between Luosewan and Xiaoguoxi. The heavy metal loads such as As, Cd and Pb might come from the common sources due to industrial sewage and traffic pollution, while higher concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Zn in these sediments were dominated by parent rocks. However, Cu originated from both sources. Sediments with respect to As, Cd and Cu were grouped below the effect range low (ERL) at all sites, and with respect to Cr and Pb were grouped into the range from ERL to the effect range median (ERM) at more than 50% of sampling sites. The mean heavy metal toxic units in the Yilong Lake decreased following the order Pb > Cr > As > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu, with higher contributions to the sum of toxic units of Pb, Cr and As. 相似文献
967.
珠江三角洲城市周边典型中小型水库富营养化与蓝藻种群动态 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为了解珠江三角洲地区城市周边中小型水库的水质状况,于2009年8月(丰水期)和2010年3月(枯水期)调查了4座典型中小型水库--横岗水库、水濂山水库、契爷石水库和东风水库,分析了水库的富营养化与蓝藻种类组成、种群动态及微囊藻毒素水平.丰水期总磷浓度为0.05~0.083 mgL-1,枯水期为0.026~0.082 m... 相似文献
968.
Bin Hua Kristen Veum Amod Koirala John Jones Thomas Clevenger Baolin Deng 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(2):73-77
Water samples from 56 lakes of Missouri, USA, were analysed for their fluorescence excitation/emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy
and the formation potentials of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Comparing the excitation/emission matrix fingerprints with trihalomethanes formation revealed
that water with higher fluorescence intensity generally exhibited higher trihalomethanes formation potential. Moreover, waters
with fluorescence centre at excitation: 290–310 nm/emission: 330–350 nm were related to high N-nitrosodimethylamine and trihalomethanes formation potentials. The results suggest that excitation/emission matrix fingerprints
could be used as surrogate parameters for monitoring trihalomethanes and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potentials. 相似文献
969.
太湖流域主要粮食作物中19种元素的背景值及其特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本研究用等离子体发射光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收法、原子荧光法和冷原子吸收法等对太湖地区糙米和小麦中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、Mn、Co、Al、Fe、V、Cr、Mo、P、Ca、Mg、K、Na、Hg、As等19种元素进行测定,经统计学检验分别得出其背景值,发现Hg、As、Pb、Cd和Cr 5种有毒元素的含量均低于卫生标准,对人畜无害。分析了糙米、小麦中元素含量的特征,包括不同作物、不同地区、不同土类之间的元素含量差异,土壤pH值和有机质对元素含量的影响和土壤有效态元素与粮食中相应元素的相关性等。 相似文献
970.
低浓度的硒可以促进微藻的生长,为了探讨硒对紫球藻生长和光谱特性的影响,研究了在通入压缩空气的条件下,不同质量浓度的硒(0、0.05、0.5、1、2、5、10和50mg·L-1)添加到紫球藻(Porphyridium UTEX637)培养基中,培养20d的生长情况,以及紫球藻吸收光谱和低温荧光光谱的特征应。结果表明:不同质量浓度Se(Ⅳ)对紫球藻的特征吸收峰位和荧光峰位没有影响,低质量浓度Se(Ⅳ)对紫球藻的生长具有明显地促进作用,高质量浓度时抑制紫球藻的生长。含0.05和0.5mg·L-1Se(Ⅳ)的实验组紫球藻的吸收光谱特征峰值明显高于对照组,而1和5mg·L-1Se(Ⅳ)质量浓度实验组的特征峰值则低于对照组。0.05和0.5mg·L-1Se(Ⅳ)质量浓度实验组的荧光发射(激发波长为436nm,560nm)光谱的特征峰值与对照相比没有明显变化,但激发波长为490nm时,荧光发射光谱特征峰值高与对照组。与对照组相比,1,2和5mg·L-1Se(Ⅳ)实验组紫球藻的荧光光谱特征峰值均有不同程度的降低。10和50mg·L-1实验组紫球藻死亡。说明低质量浓度Se(Ⅳ)对紫球藻捕光色素蛋白复合体的捕光能力具有促进作用,高质量浓度有抑制作用。 相似文献