基于土地利用变化的小江流域非点源污染特征

选取三峡库区典型支流——小江流域为研究对象,以GIS软件为分析工具,在L-THIA模型的基础上,分析小江流域非点源污染物负荷量随土地利用方式改变而产生的时空变化特征. 结果表明:2007年小江流域非点源污染物TN和TP总负荷量分别为5 563.11和1 550.65 t,其中旱地的污染物负荷量最大,TN和TP负荷量分别达到4 633.43和1 368.96 t,占总负荷量的83.29%和88.29%;从空间分布上看,非点源污染主要集中在旱地较多的东河流域和南河流域;而从时间分布上看,随着旱地面积的大幅增加,1995—2007年小江流域污染物负荷量明显增加.      

黄孢原毛平革菌的生长及降解石油条件的优化

在限氮振荡的条件下研究了藜芦醇、Tween-80、草酸、H2O2对黄孢原毛平革菌(P.C.菌)的生长量和石油降解性能的影响。实验结果表明:藜芦醇质量浓度低于0.05 g/L时促进P.C.菌的生长,高质量浓度时抑制P.C.菌的生长,石油降解率随藜芦醇质量浓度增加先升高后下降;Tween-80质量浓度低于7 mg/L时,P.C.菌生长量和石油降解率均随Tween-80质量浓度增大而增加,Tween-80质量浓度大于其临界胶束浓度时,P.C.菌生长量和石油降解率均低于未加Tween-80时;添加草酸抑制P.C.菌的生长,草酸质量浓度为35 mg/L时石油降解率最高,草酸质量浓度为350 mg/L时石油降解率低于未加草酸时;加入H2O2的体系中,石油降解率明显高于无H2O2体系。     

Screening and identification of cellulose degrading bacterium Bacillus siamensis BREC-11 with tolerance to furfural北大核心CSCD

Furfural is a toxic metabolic inhibitor that is created during the conversion of lignocellulose to produce fuel, which can retard fermentation and increase production costs. thus, it is important for lignocellulosic conversion that the ability of the strain to resist furfural stress be improved. A cellulose-degrading bacterium BREC-11 with tolerance to furfural was isolated from the intestinal tract of Omphisa fuscidentalis hampson larvae via the addition of furfural in the medium. Based on analyses of morphological observations, physiological and biochemical characterizations, and 16S rDNA sequences, strain BREC-11 was shown to represent a member of the genus Bacillus and was named B. siamensis BREC-11. to study the tolerance concentration of strain BREC-11, a wide range of furfural formaldehyde concentrations were tested and strain BREC-11 was shown to grow in the mineral medium containing furfural up to 3.5 g/L. Cellulase activity of strain BREC-11 was determined at the tolerable concentration of 3.5 g/L furfural after incubation at 30 ℃ and 150 r/min for 2 days. Results indicated that filter paper enzyme, CMC-Na enzyme, and β-glucosidase activity was 0.1 U/mL, 0.21 U/mL, and 0.07 U/mL, respectively. BREC-11 is a cellulose-degrading bacterium with resistance to furfural, which has potential application in future bio-refinery processes. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

大气颗粒物酸缓冲能力来源解析技术与应用

建立了大气颗粒物酸缓冲能力的表征方法,测定了天津市区不同源类的酸缓冲能力;建立了基于二重源解析技术(NCMB)的TSP酸缓冲能力来源识别技术,阐述了其技术原理,并在天津城区加以应用.结果表明,大气中颗粒物浓度和降雨量是影响天津城区降雨pH值的关键因素;颗粒物的酸缓冲能力主要来源于城市扬尘、建筑水泥尘和土壤风沙尘等开放源.开放源污染是现阶段决定天津城区酸雨发展的关键因素之一.     

动力波洗涤器脱硫试验研究

采用动力波洗涤器冷模试验装置,在不加脱硫剂的情况下,考察各操作参数(液气比、pH值)及液柱喷射方式(逆喷、顺喷)对脱硫效率的影响,并对不同水质的清水(自来水、去离子水)的脱硫效率进行对比分析。结果表明:自来水的脱硫效率随液气比的增加而增大;逆喷时的脱硫效率明显高于顺喷;液气比>7时,逆喷的脱硫效率在75%以上;自来水的脱硫效率较去离子水要高;撞击流有强化吸收的特性。     

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE AND SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN ONTARIO,CANADA1

ABSTRACT: Artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to simulate fluctuations in midspan water table depths (WTD) given rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and irrigation inputs on a Brookston clay loam in Woodslee, Ontario, having a dual‐purpose subsurface drainage/subirrigation setup. Water table depths and meteorologic data collected at this site from 1992 to 1994 and from 1996 to 1997 were used to train the ANNs. The ANNs were then used for real‐time control and time series simulations. The lowest root mean squared errors (RMSE) for the various ANNs were 60.6 mm for real‐time control simulation, and 88.4 mm for time‐series simulation of water table depths. It was possible to simulate WTD for the different modes of water table management in one network by incorporating an indicator for switching from one to the other. The ANN simulations were quite good even though the training data sets had irregular measurement intervals. With fewer input parameters and small network structures, ANNs still provided accurate results and required little time for training and execution. ANNs are therefore easier and faster to develop and run than conventional models and can contribute to the proper management of subsurface drainage and subirrigation systems.     

天津局部大气颗粒物上多环芳烃分布状态

通过对天津市内的几个典型地区大气颗粒物进行测定,检测出58种多环芳烃,并对11种多环芳烃进行定量测定。其结果表明,所涉及 的区域在采暖期内大多数点位的苯并(a)芘超标,超标倍数在1.1～4.6之间;交通繁忙地区的多环芳烃的污染程度高于其他地区;笔者还对多 环芳烃在不同粒径颗粒物上的分布特征、苯并(a)芘与大气颗粒物进行相关性分析和评价。      

Gangba sheep in the Tibetan plateau: Validating their unique meat quality and grazing factor analysis

Gangba sheep are known for having typical sensory characteristics attributed to free range conditions and grazing on wild plants. The genuine Gangba mutton was selected as the experimental group, and the commercial Tibetan mutton was selected as the control group, the nutritive composition of basic chemical components, amino acids and fatty acids in mutton were investigated to correlate its unique meat quality and eating satisfaction. The results showed that fatty acids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Gangba mutton than in commercial mutton, and the higher content of flavoring amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartame) were primarily responsible for the taste attributes umami of meat juices. Moreover, the trace elements analysis in mutton and grazing factors (forage, water source and soil) were conducted, to explain the source of essential trace elements in mutton. The concentrations of essential trace elements show that the Gangba mutton was a valuable source for highly available Cu and Zn in human nutrition, and well managed with few detected of toxicity metal. The concentrations of essential trace elements in mutton are closely related to the trace elements in environmental grazing factors. In conclusion, the congenital grazing conditions (a highly mineralized water resource, natural forages and clean soils) were shown to contribute to the unique meat characteristics of Gangba sheep.     

乌鲁木齐空气颗粒物中PAHs碳同位素组成及来源解析

报道了乌鲁木齐城区空气颗粒物中多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物的稳定碳同位素组成特征,解析了PAHs的来源.气相色谱/燃烧系统/同位素质谱分析表明,该市空气颗粒物中PAHs化合物的δ¹³C值为-23.5‰～-31.3‰,随着分子量的增大,PAHs化合物中13C含量降低.利用同位素质量平衡二元模型,计算了燃煤污染源与机动车排气对城区苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘和苯并(ghi)苝的贡献,前者分别为72%、97%和95%,后者分别为28%、3%和5%.苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘和苯并(ghi)苝的相对含量分别为2.8%,29.1%和25.1%,占PAHs总量的57%,计算的三者的燃煤污染源总贡献量为78.6%,与利用化学质量平衡模型计算得出的结果(84%的PAHs源于燃煤)相近.     

软锰矿浆催化氧化烟气SO2的动力学初探

对高液固比软锰矿浆与烟气SO2产酸过程进行了研究,在考察液固比、氧浓度和pH值等对反应过程影响的实验基础上,认为高液固比下主要发生的是软锰矿浆对烟气SO2的催化氧化生成硫酸的反应,并认为在[O2]控制区内,反应可以分为线性阶段和幂函数2个反应阶段.