大气中甲酸和乙酸测定方法研究

本文研究了一种用红色担体经强碱(KOH)处理作为吸附的载体,去离子水超声浸取,离子色谱法分析测定大气中甲酸和乙酸的方法。对固体吸附管的特性进行了实验室内模拟及野外研究。在采样体积为2.4m~3时,该法对大气中甲、乙酸的最低检出限分別为0.2μg/m~3和0.4μg/m~3。利用此法,测出北京冬季大气中甲、乙酸浓度分別为0.5—2.0μg/m~3和0.6—8.7μg/m~3,广州白云山春季大气中甲、乙酸浓度分別为0.2—1.0μg/m~3和<0.4—2.0μg/m~3,桂林市大气中甲、乙酸浓度分别为0.37—0.4μg/m~3和0.5—1.1μg/m~3。     

HW型高分子捕集剂处理含铅铜废水

采用聚丙烯酰胺、NH：OH·HCI和NaOH反应合成了HW型高分子捕集剂（简称捕集剂），考察了捕集剂对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为100mg／L的废水的处理效果。研究结果表明：在含Ph^2＋废水pH为6．5～7．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋）：1．6、反应时间为50min的最佳条件下，Ph^2＋去除率达100．00％；在含Cu^2＋废水pH为5．5～6．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Cu^2＋）=1．0、反应时间为60min的最佳条件下，Cu^2＋去除率达99．73％。对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为50mg／L的混合废水，n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋＋Cu^2＋）=1．2时，对Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋的去除率均达到99％以上。捕集剂去除pb^2＋，Cu^2＋的机理为羟肟酸基团与Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋反应生成稳定的螯合物。与中和法沉淀物相比，捕集剂与Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋反应生成的螯合物的Ph^2＋，Cu^2＋浸出量小，具有更好的环境安全性。     

典型涉污企业周边土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

分析和评价典型涉污企业周边土壤环境质量,对于加强企业用地环境风险管控,实施土壤重金属污染精准防控,进一步保障农产品质量安全具有重要意义。以18类典型涉污企业周边土壤为研究对象,对475家企业周边的2 017个监测样点进行土壤重金属Cd、As、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni元素含量测定,并采用主成分分析法、Hakanson 潜在生态风险指数法进行分析及评价。结果表明:典型涉污企业周边土壤重金属污染以Cd、Pb和As元素为主,各元素含量超过土壤污染风险筛选值的样品比例为9.82%~31.0%,超过土壤污染风险管控值的样品比例为4.46%~13.1%,其次是Zn、Cu、Hg和Ni,Cr无明显污染;主要污染元素Cd、Pb、As、Zn和Cu来自相同污染源且主要分布在有色金属矿采选业(B9)、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C31)、有色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C32)、生态保护和环境治理业(N77)等行业企业周边;黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C31)、有色金属矿采选业(B9)、有色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C32)等行业企业周边土壤重金属潜在生态风险等级较高,中等风险及以上比例分别为76.0%、53.0%和54.1%。可见,典型涉污企业周边土壤重金属存在一定程度的污染,尤其是有色金属矿采选业(B9)等采矿业以及黑色金属冶炼和压延加工(C31)等制造业等,污染程度高,潜在生态风险大,需要加强监测和管控。     

Urinary heavy metals in residents from a typical city in South China: human exposure and health risks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although heavy metal pollution has developed into a major global environmental problem, most research has focused on specific elements, especially...     

Effectiveness of cascading time series models based on meteorological factors in improving health risk prediction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Meteorological factors, which are periodic and regular in a long run, have an unignorable impact on human health. Accurate health risk prediction...     

局部风机停运时空冷机组凝汽器性能试验研究

针对影响空冷凝汽器性能考核试验结果真实可靠性的相关因素,以德国VGB-R131 Me试验导则为基准,对大唐国际宁夏大坝发电有限责任公司600 MW直接空冷机组配套的SPX公司空冷凝汽器的性能考核试验结果进行分析,提出了在局部风机停运情况下试验的数据处理方法和修正方法,并就性能评价系数、设计风机消耗功率及真空系统严密性对试验结果的影响进行了探讨。试验结果表明:该方法解决了局部风机停运时传统方法计算修正系数所带来的评价系数和物理过程相悖问题,保证了试验结果的真实可靠性。     

改进抽油机井“功率平衡”测试实现节能降耗

目前在抽油机井管理中普遍采用的平衡标准是"电流平衡",并认定电流平衡度在80%～120%之间时抽油机即为平衡。而真正判断抽油机平衡的标准是"功率平衡",即抽油机运行过程中,下冲程内电机平均功率与上冲程内电机平均功率相等。抽油机功率平衡既能实现节能目的,又能保证抽油机安全运行。从2008年7月开始率先在胜利油田进行抽油机功率平衡技术的试验及推广,2008年共调整抽油机功率平衡118井次,平均单日节电21.4kW.h,平均节电率9.90%,取得了良好的节能效果。     

Eddy current separation of broken lithium battery products in consideration of the shape factor

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Among the common recycling methods for lithium battery materials, pyrometallurgy recycling leads to high energy consumption and carbon emission...     

Environmental factors and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the global outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1

The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has posed a major threat to global public health. Understanding the spatiotemporal outbreak characteristics and environmental factors of H5N1 outbreaks is of great significance for the establishment of effective prevention and control systems. The time and location of H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and wild birds officially confirmed by the World Organization for Animal Health from 2005 to 2019 were collected. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and multidistance spatial agglomeration analysis methods were used to analyze the global outbreak sites of H5N1. Combined with remote sensing data, the correlation between H5N1 outbreaks and environmental factors was analyzed using binary logistic regression methods. We analyzed the correlation between the H5N1 outbreak and environmental factors and finally made a risk prediction for the global H5N1 outbreaks. The results show that the peak of the H5N1 outbreaks occurs in winter and spring. H5N1 outbreaks exhibit aggregation, and a weak aggregation phenomenon is noted on the scale close to 5000 km. Water distance, road distance, railway distance, wind speed, leaf area index (LAI), and specific humidity were protective factors for the outbreak of H5N1, and the odds ratio (OR) were 0.985, 0.989, 0.995, 0.717, 0.832, and 0.935, respectively. Temperature was a risk factor with an OR of 1.073. The significance of these ORs was greater than 95%. The global risk prediction map was obtained. Given that the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading globally, the methods and results of this study can provide a reference for studying the spread of COVID-19.

     

Spatiotemporal development of land use systems,influences and climate variability in Southwestern Ghana (1970–2020)

Environment, Development and Sustainability - This study assesses the spatiotemporal development of land use systems and climate variability in Southwestern Ghana over the past five decades using...