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61.
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类持久性有机污染物,由于具有"三致"效应受到人们广泛关注,高效经济地捕集PAHs意义深远。选取一种典型的PAHs菲为研究对象,通过浸渍法制备Cu O/Al2O3和Ce O2/Al2O32种催化剂,采用固定床催化反应装置研究其对菲的催化能力,考察活性组分、负载率、气体流量、反应温度对菲去除率的影响。结果表明,随着负载率的升高,2种催化剂对菲的去除率均呈现增大的趋势,Cu O/Al2O3和Ce O2/Al2O3对菲催化效果最好的负载率分别为18%和25%;随着气体流量的增加,18%Cu O/Al2O3对菲的去除率逐渐下降,18%Ce O2/Al2O3没有明显变化;随着反应温度的升高,2种催化剂对菲的去除率均逐渐增加,18%Cu O/Al2O3和18%Ce O2/Al2O3对菲的去除率分别在300℃和325℃得到显著提升;通过对比不同负载率及工况下菲的去除率可以发现,Cu O/Al2O3对菲的催化能力要优于Ce O2/Al2O3。 相似文献
62.
结合激光雷达分析2014年春季南京地区一次大气污染过程 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
利用环境监测数据、气象数据以及数值模拟结果,结合激光雷达数据反演的气溶胶消光系数,分析了2014年5月26日至6月1日南京地区一次典型的大气污染过程.本次污染过程受到外源性沙尘和烟尘输入以及本地污染排放叠加影响.气象因素对污染物的生消起到了重要作用,低压、逆温等因素阻碍污染物扩散,最终强降雨的出现使本次污染过程终结.整个污染过程中大气边界层高度偏低且变化不大,大气形势稳定,污染物扩散困难.激光雷达可以有效探测气溶胶的垂直分层结构,能直观准确地反映出污染物的分布聚集情况以及时空变化,对大气污染监测具有重要意义. 相似文献
63.
以采自清洁水体的河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)为实验生物,利用生物富集实验测试了河蚬对太湖梅梁湾水源地沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的生物富集.研究结果表明,将河蚬暴露于有机氯农药污染程度相似的太湖梅梁湾沉积物中(HCHs和DDTs浓度分别为1.5-1.8.S/S(以干重计)和1.1-1.7 as/g(以干重计))后,随着暴露时间的延长(24~168h),河蚬对有机氯农药的富集量随着暴露时间逐渐增加.试验结束时各样点中河蚬对HCHs和DDTs的富集量分别为(9.4±2.2)ng/g(以干重计)、(20.7±7.6)ng/g(以干重计).实验水体沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的生物沉积物富集因子(BSAF)分别为1.5±0.1和4.4±0.7.生物-沉积物富集因子(BSAF)与有机物的辛醇-水比值(Kow)存在显著正相关. 相似文献
64.
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is known as an important chemical intermediate and an environmental endocrine disruptor. There is no paper dealing with the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 2,4-DCP, mainly due to shortage of chronic and site-specific toxicity data. In the present study, toxicity data was obtained from the tests using six Chinese native aquatic species. The HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5% of species) was derived based on the constructed species sensitivity distribution (SSD), which was compared with that derived from literature toxicity data of non-native species. For invertebrates, the survival no-observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were 0.05 and 1.00 mg L−1 for Macrobrachium superbum and Corbicula fluminea, respectively. NOECs based on fishes’ growth were 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mg L−1 for Mylopharyngodon piceus, Plagiognathops microlepis and Erythroculter ilishaeformis, respectively. For aquatic plant Soirodela polyrhiza, NOEC based on concentration of chlorophyll was 1.00 mg L−1. A final PNEC calculated using the SSD approach with a 50% certainty based on different taxa ranged between 0.008 and 0.045 mg L−1. There is no significant difference between HC5 derived from native and that from non-native taxa. 相似文献
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66.
In this paper, the movement behavior of Daphnia magna was studied as a bio-indicator of organophosphorous pesticide (OP) contamination, using an on-line bio-monitoring method, the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. A static test of acute toxicity test revealed the 24-h and 48-h LC(50) values (95% confidence limit) for Daphnia magna to be respectively 0.45 microg/l and 0.21 microg/l for dipterex 3.80 microg/l and 0.90 microg/l for malathion, and 1.25 microg/l and 0.38 microg/l for parathion. The behavior strength of Daphnia magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress and resulted in significant concentration-response relationships for the three OPs. Increasing OP concentration will result in more intensive behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and shorter response time, which could be described by the Stepwise Stress Model (SSM). Therefore movement behavior can be effectively applied in early warning of environment quality by on-line bio-monitoring. The intensive changes in behavior strength of Daphnia magna over a short time follow the SSM concept and can be used as an indicator of early stress response to OP accidental contamination. 相似文献
67.
Histological alternation and vitellogenin induction in adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after exposure to ethynylestradiol and nonylphenol 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Adult rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0, 1, 5, and 25 ng/l (nominal concentrations) of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 3, 10, and 30 microg/l (nominal concentrations) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) under flow-through conditions for a period of 28 d. Low mortality was observed at 5 and 25 ng/l EE2 and the growth of fish reduced significantly at 25 ng/l EE2 compared to controls. However, the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 1 ng/l EE(2) treatments and in 10 and 30 microg/l NP treatments (p<0.05). Renal somatic indices (RSI) of male fish in EE2 treatments were significantly higher than those in controls (p<0.05). In contrast, significantly decreased GSI and RSI of female fish could only be observed in 5 and 25 ng/l EE(2) treatments (p<0.05). Hepatosomatic indices (HSI) of male fish were significantly higher in 25 ng/l EE(2) treatments. However, significantly increased of HSI of female fish could only be observed in 1 ng/l EE(2) treatments. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) induction could be observed in males after exposed to different concentrations of EE2 and NP, and plasma VTG concentrations in females exposed to 5 and 25 ng/l EE(2) were also significantly higher than in controls (p<0.05). At level higher than 5 ng/l EE2 or 30 microg/l NP, hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment of males could be observed. The pathological male liver was associated with a hypertrophy of hepatocytes and damages to cellar structure and accumulated eosinophilic material. Renal tissue showed different pathological effects which was reflected by accumulated eosinophilic material, hemorrhages within the kidney tubules and hypertrophy of the tubular epithelia. Also at these levels of exposure, feminization of male fish could be noticed and parts of males manifested the testis-ova phenomenon. Ovaries of female rare minnow in 25 ng/l EE2 treatment group were degenerated. Therefore when exposed to EE2 and NP even at environmental observed concentrations, adverse effects could occur in the reproductive system of adult fishes. The observed hepatic tissue and renal tissue impairment should be due to the induction and accumulation of VTG in organs, especially in males. 相似文献
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70.
化学循环燃烧工艺是当前集分离捕集CO2和根除NOx为一体化的新型燃烧技术。本文概述了化学循环燃烧工艺的发展背景、工艺原理及其特点,对机械混合法、溶解法、溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法、浸渍法、冷冻颗粒化法6种制备方法制备的各种载氧体的性能进行了对比分析,指出纯Fe2O3、Fe2O3/Al2O3、NiO/NiAl2O4是目前的优势载氧体,并对载氧体今后的发展方向作了展望。 相似文献