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651.
Relationships between distributions of longevous population and trace elements in the agricultural ecosystem of Rugao County,Jiangsu, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huang B Zhao Y Sun W Yang R Gong Z Zou Z Ding F Su J 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(3):379-390
Soil, plant, and water, as well as trace elements they contain, can influence human health through the food chain. A survey
was conducted on distributions of trace elements in soils, plants, and drinking water in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province, China,
an agricultural area with a high level of centenarians and nonagenarians. The ratio of people over 90 years old per 100,000
inhabitants (90-rate) based on village (about 4,000 residents in 4 km2) was correlated with trace elements in soil, drinking water, and rice by means of correlation analysis and/or principal component
analysis. Although the average 90-rate in the whole area was as high as 277, the rates were not uniform across the entire
region. The 90-rate in the area of loamy and strongly-developed Anthrosols and Cambosols was about 330, significantly higher
than the 255 in the areas of sandy and strongly-developed Cambosols and of clayey and weakly-developed Cambosols. The concentrations
of available Se, B, Ni, and Mo in soils of the area with the high 90-rate were markedly greater than those in the area with
the low 90-rate. This was demonstrated by highly positive correlations between the 90-rate and available Se (r = 0.33), B (r = 0.21), Ni (r = 0.17) and Mo (r = 0.17) at the p < 0.01 level and high loadings of available Se (0.851), B (0.535), Ni (0.594) and Mo (0.394) in the longevous factor. Similar
relationships between the available elements in soils and elements in water and rice were found. These results suggest that:
(1) the available forms of elements in soil were more crucial to elemental bio-availability in the ecosystem and human health
than total elements in soil; and (2) the element association above might have affected the 90-rate positively and could be
an important environmental geochemical factor influencing the longevity of humans. 相似文献
652.
采用固相微萃取(SPME)与气相色谱-质谱联用,分析了3种养殖模式鱼塘沉积物中氯酚类(CPs)化合物的污染特征.结果表明,一般四大家鱼养殖模式(A)沉积物中总CPs质量分数(干质量)为9.91 ng·g-1,猪.鱼综合养殖模式(B)与鸭-鱼综合养殖模式(C)沉积物总CPs质量分数分别为7.79 ng·g-1和4.84 ng·g-1.总CPs及15种CPs化合物在A、B模式和鸭-鱼综合养殖模式(C)沉积物中的分布特征相似,质量分数由高到低的顺序为A模式,B模式,C模式.沉积物中质量分数比较高的一氯酚、二氯酚、三氯酚和四氯酚分别是4-CP、2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP和2,3,4,6-TeCP.五氯酚(PCP)质量分数与4-CP、2,5+2,6+3,5-DCP、3,4-DCP、2,4,5-TCP、2,3,6-TCP、2,3,4-TCP、2,3,5,6-TeCP、2,3,4,6-TeCP、2,3,4,5-TeCP等氯酚化合物质量分数显著正相关,显示PCP与它们之间存在降解物与产物的关系.参照美国EPA相关标准,上述鱼塘沉积物中的PCP和Ky氯酚(2,3,4,6-TeCP、2,4,6-TCP和PCP)导致生态风险的可能性较低. 相似文献
653.
654.
655.
Dongliang Du Chuanyi Zhang Kuixia Zhao Guangrong Sun Siqi Zou Limei Yuan Shilong He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(2):4
Effect of different carbon sources on purification performance and change of microbial community structure in a novel A2N-MBR process were investigated. The results showed that when fed with acetate, propionate or acetate and propionate mixed (1:1) as carbon sources, the effluent COD, NH4 +-N, TN and TP were lower than 30, 5, 15 and 0.5 mg?L–1, respectively. However, taken glucose as carbon source, the TP concentration of effluent reached 2.6 mg?L–1. Process analysis found that the amount of anaerobic phosphorus release would be the key factor to determine the above effectiveness. The acetate was beneficial to the growth of Candidatus Accumulibacter associated with biological phosphorus removal, which was the main cause of high efficiency phosphorus removal in this system. In addition, it could eliminate the Candidatus Competibacter associated with glycogen-accumulating organisms and guarantee high efficiency phosphorus uptake of phosphorus accumulating organisms in the system with acetate as carbon source. 相似文献
656.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the impact of cadmium (Cd) on survival of Diplostomum sp. cercariae. Freshly emerged cercariae were exposed to Cd solutions at concentrations ranging between 0.2 and 200 microg/l. The mortality patterns and mean survival times (MSTs) of the exposed parasites were determined by the Kaplan-Meier estimator and were compared (Log-Rank test) to corresponding patterns and estimators of the unexposed controls. Cd concentrations >20 microg/l caused statistically significant changes in the mortality pattern of Diplostomum sp. cercariae and reduced MST by at least five hours compared to the control group, where MST was 52 h. The results show that longevity of the free-living Diplostomum sp. cercariae can be reduced by direct exposure to heavy metals. Cd contamination of aquatic habitats thus potentially can have an impact on parasite populations and communities. 相似文献
657.
邹竞蒙 《中国人口.资源与环境》1994,4(1):54-57
大气层是全球环境各组成部分中最活跃的一个部分。全球及区域气候变异以及各种时空尺度的气象灾害如暴雨、台风、干旱、洪涝等,对社会经济发展的影响是全方位、多层次的。人类活动可能导致的气候变化对社会经济发展有着广泛性、长远性和深刻性的影响。因此讨论可持续发展问题,须对提高社会防御气象灾害和适应、减缓气候变化的能力问题予以特别的注意。 相似文献
658.
城市应急联动系统的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
叙述了建设城市应急联动系统的必要性,分析了城市应急联动系统国内外发展现状,提出了系统的4种运作模式即集权模式、授权模式、代理模式、协同模式,强调了系统基础设施建设应包含的重要内容,设计了系统技术支撑体系和系统基本功能。最后得出应加快我国城市应急联动系统的统一协调和建设的结论。 相似文献
659.
660.
桂林盘龙洞滴水的物理化学指标变化研究及其意义 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
影响洞穴次生化学沉积物-石笋的形成因素,包括降水、气温、水温和滴水的性质(如pH值、电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度和滴率等)。通过对桂林盘龙洞8个滴水点的2个水文年的监测表明,洞穴滴水主要来源于大气降水(或土壤水),受控于水-土-岩的相互作用。洞穴滴水对大气降水的响应较快,具有季节性的变化特征。洞穴滴水的物理、化学特性受降水、洞顶基岩厚度及渗入水的滞留时间、滴率的快、慢的影响。洞穴滴水的温度变化不大,大约为19.4~21.2℃。年平均pH值为7.85。洞穴滴水的电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度与气温、水温和滴水速率表现为正相关关系。在夏半年,大气降水量大,土壤湿度大,土壤中PCO2分压高,溶解的CaCO3多,表层带下渗岩溶水的岩溶作用强,滴水的电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度增大,滴水中的碳酸盐沉积多;而在冬半年或冬季,其降水量小或少,滴水的电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度降低,指示溶解的CaCO3少,表层带下渗岩溶水的岩溶作用弱,水中Ca2+离子含量低,滴水沉积物的沉积量或生长量减少。从大气降水到土壤水再到洞穴滴水这些过程可以看出,洞穴滴水形成的岩溶次生化学碳酸盐沉积物-石笋,可记录岩溶环境变化的信息,已成为研究岩溶地区过去环境变化记录的重要载体。 相似文献