秦皇岛市地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测

通过对大量实际数据的分析,得到了影响秦皇岛市地面塌陷的主要因素有历史条件、地质条件、人为条件。在此基础上,建立了秦皇岛市地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测模型,模型包括3个层次、3个条件,对研究区划分了8 070个单元格并进行计算,得到地面塌陷危险性分区结果。该地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测模型的预测结果符合研究区实际情况,具有较高的可信度。     

中国二噁英排放清单的国际比较研究

采用年总排放量、向大气年排放量、人均年排放量、人均向大气年排放量、本地污染指数、人均本地污染指数和地均本地污染指数作比较指标,对中国二噁英排放清单(以2004年为基准年)和基准年相近的27个国家的二噁英排放清单进行了比较研究.结果表明,中国二噁英的年总排放量、向大气年排放量和本地污染指数较大,表明开展二噁英减排工作势在必行;同时,人均年排放量、人均向大气年排放量、人均本地污染指数和地均本地污染指数较小,表明中国的二噁英人均产污水平远低于其他国家,开展二噁英减排有利于实现对二噁英污染的及早控制.     

Simultaneous measurements of arsenic and sulfide using diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT)

Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) is a dynamically passive sampling technique which has been applied increasingly to the environmental monitoring field. In the preliminary period, the DGT with zirconium hydroxide-silver iodide as the binding phase (ZrO-AgI DGT) has been developed for the determination of sulfide (S(II)). On this basis, this paper developed its determination method for inorganic arsenite (As(III)) to further realize the simultaneous and high-resolution measurements of labile inorganic As and S(II) in sediments. ZrO-AgI binding gel had a strong ability in adsorbing and fixing As(III), showing a linear increase in the initial 12.5 min. After saturation of S(II) on ZrO-AgI binding gel, the adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of As(III) reduced by 8 and 14%, respectively. A stable elution rate (89.1 ± 2.2%) was obtained by extraction of As(III) on the binding gel using a mixture solution of 1.0 M NaOH and 1.0 M H₂O₂ (1:1). The DGT capacity of As(III) determined by the ZrO-AgI DGT was 23.6 μg cm^?2. DGT uptakes of As(III) were independent of pH (4.0–9.0) and ionic strength (0.01–100 mM), and they did not interfere with each other during the uptake process. Simultaneous measurements of labile As and S(II) in four sediment cores of Taihu Lake (China) with ZrO-AgI DGT showed that they had similarly vertical distributions in the top 16-mm layer in one core and in the whole profile up to the 35 mm depth in two cores. It likely reflected a simultaneous release of As and S(II) in sediments by synchronous reduction of As-hosted oxidized iron and sulfate, respectively. The simultaneous decreases of labile As and S(II) from their co-precipitation (e.g., As₂S₃) were not obvious in deeper sediment layer through the measurement with ZrO-AgI DGT.     

Evaluation of urban sprawl and urban landscape pattern in a rapidly developing region

Urban sprawl is a worldwide phenomenon happening particularly in rapidly developing regions. A study on the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban sprawl and urban pattern is useful for the sustainable management of land management and urban land planning. The present research explores the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban sprawl in the context of a rapid urbanization process in a booming economic region of southern China from 1979 to 2005. Three urban sprawl types are distinguished by analyzing overlaid urban area maps of two adjacent study years which originated from the interpretation of remote sensed images and vector land use maps. Landscape metrics are used to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of urban sprawl for each study period. Study results show that urban areas have expanded dramatically, and the spatiotemporal landscape pattern configured by the three sprawl types changed obviously. The different sprawl type patterns in five study periods have transformed significantly, with their proportions altered both in terms of quantity and of location. The present research proves that urban sprawl quantification and pattern analysis can provide a clear perspective of the urbanization process during a long time period. Particularly, the present study on urban sprawl and sprawl patterns can be used by land use and urban planners.     

基于非本地物种毒性数据推导出的水质基准可为本地物种提供适当保护吗？

基于非本地物种的毒性数据推导出的水质基准一直存在争议,质疑者提出应有针对不同生物区系的水质基准。而这个问题在中国尤为突出。本文作者搜集了38种污染物对本地物种和非本地物种的毒性数据,比较了这些生物的HC₅和物种敏感度分布,结果显示,基于非本地物种推导的水质基准有74%的确定性可以有效保护中国的水生态系统。如果采用评价因子(AF=5)来校正基准,那么可以获得90%的确定性。
精选自Xiaowei Jin, Zijian Wang, Yeyao Wang, Yibing Lv, Kaifeng Rao, Wei Jin, John P. Giesy and Kenneth M. Y. Leung. Do water quality criteria based on nonnative species provide appropriate protection for native species? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 8, pages 1744–1750, August 2015. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2985
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2985/full     

铅对人Bel-7402肝癌细胞毒性及EGFP基因DNA甲基化的影响

以体外培养人Bel-7402肝癌细胞为模型,研究铅的3种常见化合物氯化铅(Pb Cl2)、乙酸铅(Pb(CH3COO)2)、硝酸铅(Pb(NO3)2)的细胞毒性和去甲基化表观遗传毒性。应用MTS方法检测细胞的存活率,以前期研究建立的评价方法评价铅化合物的去甲基化表观遗传毒性。结果显示,Pb Cl2、Pb(CH3COO)2、Pb(NO3)2均会抑制Bel-7402细胞的增值,计算求得Pb Cl2、Pb(CH3COO)2、Pb(NO3)2相应的50%细胞存活浓度(IC50)值分别为2 524μmol·L~(-1)、1 977μmol·L~(-1)、1 899μmol·L~(-1);80%细胞存活浓度(IC80)值分别为264μmol·L~(-1)、221μmol·L~(-1)、281μmol·L~(-1),通过对3种染毒物不同染毒浓度的细胞存活率进行随机区组设计的方差分析显示3种化合物间的差异无统计学意义(F=0.11;P=0.897)。去甲基化表观遗传毒性检测结果显示,Pb Cl2、Pb(CH3COO)2、Pb(NO3)2均可观察到明显的去甲基化表观遗传毒性,其相对于5-氮杂-2-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-Cd R)的去甲基化表观遗传毒性当量分别为2.82E-03、1.50E-03、5.09E-04,三者间也无显著性差异。结果表明,铅化合物会使Bel-7402细胞的细胞存活率和转染进细胞的质粒上增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因启动子的DNA甲基化水平下降。     

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Maintaining soil fertility, while controlling pollution from excessive chemical fertilizer application is important for keeping soil productivity of sustainable agriculture. Variety of straws have been used and proven to be good soil amendments for increasing soil organic matter (OM) and a range of additional soil nutrients. However, little is known about the utilization of cotton straw for soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism behind cotton straw soil amendments, investigations were performed upon cucumber seedlings, where changes to soil nutrients and microbial communities were investigated. The results revealed that the cotton straw application promoted the cucumber seedling growth by significantly increasing the soil OM, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The concentration of cotton straw was positively correlated to both the number of the culturable microorganisms and also the total microbial biomass within soil. Furthermore, assessment of cotton straw application using Biolog metabolic profiling and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that such application increased the microbial community metabolic activity, and markedly changed the structure of microbial community. 16S rRNA gene clone library construction and phylogenetic analysis of soil bacteria revealed γ- Proteobacteria sequences dominated the cotton straw amendment soil, comprising 27.8% of the total number of analyzed sequences, while they were less represented in control soil (13.4%). On the contrary, the Sphingobacteria (7.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (2.4%) in the cotton straw amendment soil decreased after application when compared to the control soil 15.2% and 15.2%.     

Data assimilation in a simple marine ecosystem model based on spatial biological parameterizations

Assuming that a set of constant parameters fits for marine ecosystem modeling and parameter estimation studies on large space scales is questionable since ecosystem types spanning long distances are quite different. In this study, SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a data are assimilated into a simple NPZD model by the adjoint method in a climatological physical environment provided by FOAM. To improve the assimilation results, different spatial parameterization schemes are utilized. The results show that the values of the selected sensitive parameters are spatially variable and the application of spatial parameterizations can improve the assimilation results significantly.     

Application of microbubbles in chemistry,wastewater treatment,medicine, cosmetics,and agriculture: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microbubbles are 10–100-μm bubbles with unique properties that find applications in chemical reactions, water aeration, sewage purification,...