内蒙古自治区应急监测预警体系建设思路

随着内蒙古自治区经济的飞速发展,带来了一系列的环境风险问题。自治区也应该建立与之相配套的应急监测预警体系,本文着重介绍了该体系建设的相关内容。     

基于污染物总量控制的流域预警体系构建研究

文章通过对中国目前水环境质量现状分析,指出流域环境预警体系建立的必要性,并选择总量控制指标作为预警体系的评价指标。利用层次分析法建立基于污染物总量控制的流域预警体系,确定预警因子的权重和评分标准。设立临界状态,不良状态预警、缓慢恶化预警和迅速恶化预警4个级别,为建立流域环境质量预警体系提供借鉴。     

Tolerance and biosorption of copper （Cu） and lead （Pb） by filamentous fungi isolated from a freshwater ecosystem

Filamentous fungi are able to accumulate significant amount of metals from their environment. The potential of fungal biomass as agents for biosorption of heavy metals from contaminated sediments is currently receiving attention. In the present study, a total of 41 isolates of filamentous fungi obtained from the sediment of the Langat River, Selangor, Malaysia were screened for their tolerance and uptake capability of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). The isolates were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium simplicissimum and P. janthinellum. A. niger and P. simplicissimum, were able to survive at 1000 mg/L of Cu(II) concentration on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) while for Pb, only A. niger survived at 5000 mg/L concentration. The results showed that A. niger, P. simplicissimum and T. asperellum have a better uptake capacity for Pb compared to Cu and the findings indicated promising biosorption of Cu and Pb by these filamentous fungi from aqueous solution. The present study was also determined the maximum removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) that was performed by A. niger. The metal removal which occurred at Cu(II) 200 mg/L was (20.910 0.581) mg/g and at 250 mg/L of Pb(II) was (54.046 0.328) mg/g.     

Effects of straw decayed products of four crops on the amelioration of soil acidity and maize growth in two acidic Ultisols

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Variable charge soils have low agricultural productivity associated with low pH, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), and low pH buffering capacity...     

Experimental study of pore characteristics and radon exhalation of uranium tailing solidified bodies in acidic environments

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The pore characteristics and radon exhalation of uranium tailings solidified in an acid environment were investigated in this study. Tailings from the...     

流域农村生活垃圾收运、处理模式探析研究——以巢湖流域为例

流域农村生活垃圾产量大,无害化处理水平低,已成为威胁流域水环境安全的重要因素.以巢湖流域为例,构建了农村生活垃圾收运、处理模式.从技术、经济、环境三方面分析,得出结论：农村“桶装车载直运模式”和“垃圾综合处理模式”可以充分利用现有垃圾处理设施,经村庄收集、乡镇转运,最终实现垃圾减量化、资源化、无害化.     

兰州市街道尘埃粒度空间变化特征

采用Mastersizer2000激光粒度仪对2006年3月采集的兰州市街道尘埃进行了粒度分析。结果表明,兰州市街道尘埃中颗粒物平均粒径范围在46．83μm-266．59μm,平均值为118．73μm;其中〉2μm的颗粒占总量的92％-99．5％,〈2μm的颗粒占10％以下。受地形因素影响,兰州市西部和东部地区粒径较粗,中间地段粒径相对较细;进一步分析发现在风动能大的区域,尘埃主要以较粗物质为主;在风动能相对较弱区域,细颗粒和粗颗粒含量差别不大,而在风动能小的区域,街道尘埃主要以细颗粒物为主。由此可见,兰州市街道尘埃中的颗粒物的主要来源是由于风力和人为活动产生的土壤尘和人为排放的污染物所共同贡献的;粒度分布特征受到风动力条件和物源（污染源）两方面因素的控制。     

DGGE技术及其在环境微生物中的应用

变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)具有可靠性强、重复性好、方便快捷等优点,已被广泛应用于环境科学和污染防治研究领域。介绍了变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)的基本原理和技术路线,重点介绍和讨论了DGGE技术在废水生物处理、废气生物处理和固废生物处理中的应用现状,并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

城市环境质量的竞争性评价模型

城市化进程推动了经济的快速发展但也给城市环境质量带来了严重的挑战。为了推动城市环境保护工作,每年全国各地都对城市环境综合整治进行定量考核。首先分析了现有环境综合整治考核办法的不足,阐述建立竞争性评价模型的必要性。竞争性评价模型在指标集的取值范围内选取最优值建立一个虚拟最优城市,以虚拟最优城市为参照,引入优越指数概念,得出待评价城市的优越指数值,然后进行排序和评价。根据该模型对2004年全国18个计划单列市和重点城市的环境质量进行了综合评价,得到了合适的结果;最后总结了模型的特点及以后改进的方向。     

Estimating the amount and distribution of radon flux density from the soil surface in China

Based on an idealized model, both the annual and the seasonal radon ((222)Rn) flux densities from the soil surface at 1099 sites in China were estimated by linking a database of soil (226)Ra content and a global ecosystems database. Digital maps of the (222)Rn flux density in China were constructed in a spatial resolution of 25 km x 25 km by interpolation among the estimated data. An area-weighted annual average (222)Rn flux density from the soil surface across China was estimated to be 29.7+/-9.4 mBq m(-2)s(-1). Both regional and seasonal variations in the (222)Rn flux densities are significant in China. Annual average flux densities in the southeastern and northwestern China are generally higher than those in other regions of China, because of high soil (226)Ra content in the southeastern area and high soil aridity in the northwestern one. The seasonal average flux density is generally higher in summer/spring than winter, since relatively higher soil temperature and lower soil water saturation in summer/spring than other seasons are common in China.