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Implications of urine-to-feces ratio in the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine waste. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure represents a potential waste treatment technology to address environmental concerns, such as odor emissions and removal of pathogenic microorganisms. However, there are concerns relative to the stability of this process when swine manure is the sole substrate. In this study, the potential of biogas production from swine manure as the sole substrate under thermophilic (50 degrees C) conditions was investigated in the laboratory, to determine whether separation of urine and feces as part of the waste collection process would benefit anaerobic digestion. Effluent from a continuously stirred tank reactor was used as the inoculum for batch tests, in which the substrate contained three different concentrations of urine (urine-free, as-excreted urine-to-feces ratio and double the as-excreted urine-to-feces ratio). Inocula were acclimated to these same urine-to-feces ratios to determine methane production. Results show that both urine-free and as-excreted substrates were not inhibitory to anaerobic inocula. Anaerobic microorganisms can be readily acclimated to substrate with double the as-excreted urine concentration, which contained nitrogen concentrations up to 7.20 g/L. Cumulative methane production reached similar levels in the batch tests, regardless of the substrate urine concentration. 相似文献
34.
Comparative on Causes and Accumulation of Selenium in the Tree-rings Ambient High-selenium Coal Combustion Area from Yutangba, Hubei, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Liu G Zhang Y Qi C Zheng L Chen Y Peng Z 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):99-103
Toxic trace elements emitted during coal combustion are the main sources of air pollution. They are released into the atmosphere
mainly in the forms of fine ash, smoke and flue, and thus adversely affect plant, animal and human health. Selenium is one
of toxic and the most volatile in coal. Large amount of atmospheric emission of selenium, as well as selenium present and
scrubber stockpiles in ash may create serious environmental problems. In the paper, on the basis of investigating the abundance
and distribution of selenium in plant-rings during recent 20 years, the bioaccumulation of selenium is explained that selenium
in plant, which were collected from the village of selenium-rich coal combustion, is much higher than that in plants collected
away from the village of selenium-rich coal combustion. The main origins of selenium are selenium-rich coal combustion and
high-selenium rock weathered. The selenium recycle by food chain and selenium will accumulate and redistribute in environments. 相似文献
35.
Carl W. Chen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(6):1561-1562
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The coastal water of northeast Taiwan island, called 'Yin-Yang Hai' for its distinct yellow colour compared with blue offshore water, was investigated from 1989 to 1990 by the authors. Biological study showed the dominant species of plankton to be Copepoda, Cladocera, planktonic eggs and Diatoma. Dominant species of benthos were young crabs, Amphipoda and Annelida, with Amphipoda usually occurring in heavily polluted areas. Heavy metal data showed that the concentration of copper was high. the copper and iron concentration in algae of the intertidal zone was also high. the concentrations of iron and copper in inshore water were also higher than in offshore water. By comparison of the pH and salinity distribution of this area, we conclude that this coastal water has been polluted by acid waste water from coastal industry. the suspended solids concentration in sea water is high. Flocculation occurring at the boundary of fresh and saline water might be a reason for the distinct yellow colour of the water of this area. Further study is required. 相似文献
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Adults of the sea urchin Arachnoides placenta (L.) were induced to spawn, and eggs were fertilized at 28°C in September 1989. After 5 min, eggs were transferred to 28, 31, 34, or 37°C and reared to metamorphosis. Embryos were observed at 20-min intervals during the first 2 h; larvae were observed daily. The cleavage was higher at higher temperatures. Embryos reared at 28°C were still at the 4th cleavage (16-cell stage) after 100 min, while those at 34°C had reached the 5th cleavage (32-cell stage). All embryos reared at 37°C died on the second day. Incidence of abnormality was 20 to 30% at 28 and 31°C, 48% at 34°C, and 77% at 37°C. The 8-arm stage was reached after 4 d at 28°C, 3 d at 31°C and 2 d at 34°C. Larvae displayed decreasing body length and arm length with increasing temperature. Larvae at 31°C have relatively long arms, as a result of a decrease in body length, not because of increased arm length. Incidence of metamorphosis was 43.9±1.7% (mean/plusmn;SD) at 28°C, 24.5±1.9% at 31°C, and 5.3% at 34°C. The size of metamorphosed juveniles was significantly larger at 28°C than at 31 and 34°C. Temperatures of 31°C negatively affect larvae and juveniles of the sand dollar. 相似文献
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以南京江北新区分流制雨水管道沉积物为研究对象,考察不同粒径沉积物中铵态氮(NH3-N)和硝态氮(NO3--N)干期分布特征,分析其随干期长度的变化关系,并探讨沉积物理化性质及微生物菌群结构对NH3-N和NO3--N干期分布的影响.结果表明:粒径≤0.075mm的沉积物中NH3-N占比最高(交通区30.8%,商业区36.7%);交通区粒径≤0.075mm的沉积物中NO3--N占比最高(33.0%),而商业区粒径0.075~0.15mm沉积物中NO3--N占比最高(34.4%);干期长度与交通区0.075~0.15mm粒径段的沉积物中NO3--N含量及商业区粒径≥0.3mm的沉积物中NH3-N含量之间的相关性均最显著;雨水管道沉积物中NH3-N和NO3--N的干期分布与O-H和N-H等官能团、表面极性和亲水性、微观形貌等有一定关联;交通区雨水管道沉积物中Gemmobacter等反硝化优势菌种(相对丰度总和为20.15%)对NO3--N干期分布影响更显著. 相似文献