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31.
Kawakami T Eun H Ishizaka M Endo S Tamura K Higashi T 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(1):1-8
The objective of this study was to clarify the adsorption and desorption characteristics of several herbicides in sediment. Five herbicides, esprocarb, thiobencarb, dimethametryn, pretilachlor, and simetryn were examined in this study. The adsorption ratio on the sediment increased in the following order: pretilachlor < dimethametryn < simetryn < thiobencarb < esprocarb. On the other hand, the adsorption ratio on the sediment without organic matter increased in the following order: thiobencarb < esprocarb < pretilachlor < dimethametryn < simetryn. Furthermore, the amounts of simetryn, dimethametryn, and pretilachlor adsorbed on the sediment without organic matter increased, while those of esprocarb and thiobencarb decreased in comparison to the original sediment. These results strongly suggested that the mineral surface in the sediment was very important as the adsorption site for the herbicide, especially in the case of simetryn, dimethametryn, and pretilachlor. All the adsorption and desorption data fitted well with the Freundlich equation. The hysteresis in the adsorption-desorption phenomena in the sediment was observed for all the herbicides, and it was affected by the organic matter in sediment, especially in the case of dimethametryn and pretilachlor. 相似文献
32.
Kenji Yasuda Mikihiro Kaneko Hidekichi Yoshino Kooji Sugiyama Yukio Ootsuka 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1557-1561
The emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) caused by municipal waste incineration varies according to waste composition and operating parameters such as furnace temperature and excess air. However, to obtain a sample sufficient to measure the emission of PAH at trace levels, it is necessary to operate the incinerator for many hours. Since during these lengthy periods it has not always been possible to maintain stable conditions, it is very difficult to determine the relationship between the emission and waste composition. In our basic research, therefore, we used municipal waste with an artificially regulated composition for our combustion experiments, and by using an experimental Incinerator we examined the emission behavior of PAH with respect to changes in waste composition and combustion conditions. The following facts were revealed by the results: ? The PAH found in the flue gas were predominantly the more volatile compounds. ? When municipal waste was incinerated at over 850 °C, the concentration of PAH in the flue gas increased rapidly as the proportion of plastics in the waste increased from 0 to 24 percent. ? The elimination of plastics from municipal waste by separate collection and the improvement of combustion conditions can effectively diminish the emission of PAH. 相似文献
33.
The coupling products (CPs), which were formed via the peroxosulfate catalyzed oxidation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) with iron(III)-tetrakis(sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (Fe(III)-TPPS) in the presence of hydroxypropyl-beta -cyclodextrin (HP-beta -CD) or HP-gamma -CD, were separated by ultrafiltration from the reaction mixture. When the percentages of chlorine species in the reaction mixture were calculated from the concentrations of organic chlorine in the reaction mixture and CPs, 10-25% of chlorine species in the reaction mixture was organic chlorine that was incorporated into CDs. Analyses of the CPs by pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) and 13C NMR showed that the PCP-derived products were covalently incorporated into the CDs. To evaluate the acute toxicity of the CPs, a Microtox test was examined. Toxicities of the CPs were reduced slightly, compared to the controls (PCP alone and PCP + reaction blanks). In the reaction blanks, mesaconic acid (MA) moieties were detected as a result of the oxidation of CDs in the absence of PCP. Thus, factors in the toxicities, detected in the CPs, can be attributed to the oxidation products derived from CDs, such as MA, as well as the PCP-derived products incorporated into the CDs. 相似文献
34.
The Influence of Synoptic-scale Air Flow and Local Circulation on the Dust Layer Height in the North of the Taklimakan Desert 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nobumitsu Tsunematsu Kenji Kai Takuya Matsumoto 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):175-193
The present study investigates the influences of synoptic-scale air flows and local wind circulations on the dust layer height
(DLH) in the Taklimakan Desert, based on lidar observations performed in the north of the desert in March 2003. The DLH fluctuates
approximately every three days between 2500 m (above sea level) and 5000 m, including diurnal variations. Meteorological analyses
and numerical simulations show that the three-day fluctuation of DLH corresponds with variations in synoptic-scale air flows
over the Taklimakan Desert, and the diurnal variations are linked to downdrafts and updrafts that are formed over the north
of the desert as part of local circulations. When strong northerly winds prevail in the upper troposphere and a developed
valley wind blows toward the Tienshan Mountains in the lower troposphere, the downdrafts strengthen in the middle troposphere
over the north of the desert, lowering the DLH to about 2500 m. In contrast, the DLH rises to about 5000 m when the updrafts
develop between strong southerly winds in the upper troposphere and a developed mountain wind blowing from the Tienshan Mountains.
Simulations for the local circulation behavior without the presence of the Tienshan Mountains demonstrate that the valley
and mountain winds on the southern slope of the Tienshan Mountains control the intensity of the downdrafts and updrafts, thereby
influencing the DLH over the north of the Taklimakan Desert. 相似文献
35.
Wenshou Wei Hongfei Zhou Yuguang Shi Osamu Abe Kenji Kai 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):207-216
The desert environmental changes in the source areas of dust storms occurring in Xinjiang are discussed based on the climate
changes and the impacts of human activities in Xinjiang during the past 50 years. The results show that the climate in Xinjiang
is changing from a warm-dry type to a warm-wet one. The warm-wet climate has been obvious since the mid-1970's, and especially
the sensitivity of the regional climate change in this arid area is obviously revealed by many factors, such as the characteristics
of the local climate change in south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang, the difference of climate change in the alpine zones and
the basins, and the change of areas of the waters bodies. Furthermore, these factors also reveal the difference in the regional
climate change between Xinjiang and central and eastern areas of China. The occurrence and development of dust storms are
directly affected by the precipitation, air humidity, status of underlying surface, etc. in the arid areas. The frequency
and intensity of dust storms are closely related to the natural conditions, changes of climate and desert environment, as
well as the dynamic conditions (i.e., weather systems) in the source areas of dust storms. Therefore, global warming is one
of the main causes resulting in the degradation of the ecological environment and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters,
especially the disasters of sand drift and dust storms in the arid areas since the late-1980's, which reveals that the inland
arid areas are sensitive regions to climate changes. 相似文献
36.
由于日本消防法中固体氧化物的燃烧试验方法,与联合国黄皮书中所建议的试验方法有所不同,在实际应用中经常出现矛盾.因此,本文对其中的一些不同之处进行了重新的研究考察.并与日本海事检定协会和代表联合国标准测试方法的荷兰应用科学研究组织进行合作,对比研究了联合国建议的关于固体氧化物燃烧试验的方法.并就其中发现的问题提出了相应的改进意见.具体有以下4方面的措施:(1)纤维素种类对于燃烧时间的影响;(2)环境湿度及纤维素含水量对燃烧时间的影响;(3)导火线材料与导火线破裂方式出现的问题;(4)联合国建议中的举例数据. 相似文献
37.
38.
Amemiya Takashi Denou Masato Enomoto Hiroshi Ito Takuya Kaibe Kenji Sawada Naomi Tomari Miyuki Matsumura Yukihiko 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51060-51071
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There is an abundance of woody biomass in Japan. However, its economic feasibility is limited. There have been several discussions on whether... 相似文献
39.
Surveys of over 2000 households in Japan were conducted to investigate the characteristics of hazardous household waste (HHW) generation. In Japan, about 2.5 to 4.3 kg of HHW are produced per tonne of the residential waste stream. The percentage of used batteries in HHW was over 50%. Every household using spray (aerosol) cans had more than seven cans on average. The generation of HHW, in terms of both quantities and type of waste produced, appeared to vary with dwelling type. Detached dwelling residents tended to store HHW such as used batteries, whereas apartment residents tended not to store waste. The amounts of discarded HHW were larger at the end of the year in comparison with other months. The data accumulated were used to estimate the quantities of HHW disposed off annually, and the quantities and type of waste that might be received by a typical depot collection programme in Japan. 相似文献
40.
Bulk atmospheric deposition fluxes of (210)Po and (210)Pb were measured at three coastal regions of Japan, the Pacific Ocean coastal area of the Japanese mainland (Odawa Bay), the Chinese continental side of Japanese coastal area (Tsuyazaki), and an isolated island near Okinawa (Akajima). Wet and dry fallout collectors were continuously deployed from September 1997 through August 1998 for periods of 3 to 31 days depending on the frequency of precipitation events. Annual (210)Pb deposition fluxes at Odawa Bay (35 degrees N 139 degrees E), Tsuyazaki (33 degrees N 130 degrees E) and Akajima (26 degrees N 127 degrees E) were 73.3+/-8.0, 197+/-35 and 78.5+/-8.0 Bqm(-2)y(-1), respectively. Higher (210)Pb deposition was observed at the Chinese continental side of Japanese coast than at the Pacific Ocean coastal site. The high (210)Pb atmospheric flux at the Chinese continental side coast was thought to be attributable to (222)Rn-rich air-mass transport from the Chinese continent during the winter monsoon. In contrast, the annual (210)Po deposition fluxes at the three study sites were 13.0+/-2.3 (Odawa Bay), 21.9+/-4.4 (Tsuyazaki) and 58.4+/-7.7 (Akajima)Bqm(-2)y(-1), respectively, indicating unusual high (210)Po deposition at Akajima during winter. Anomalous unsupported (210)Po input was observed during summer 1997, suggesting unknown source of (210)Po at this area. 相似文献