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41.
42.
Anne Grete Straume Russel N. Dietz Ernest Ndri Koffì Katrin Nodop 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):227
Five studies of the background level of several perfluorocarbon compounds in Europe are here presented together with measurements from the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX). The tracers used during the two ETEX tracer releases were the perfluorocarbons (PFCs); perfluoromethylcyclohexane (C7F14, PMCH) and perfluoromethylcyclopentane (C6F12, PMCP). Their background concentrations were detected by using both passive and active sampling techniques, to define the spatial and temporal variation of the PFCs over Europe. Also the background variations of four isomers of the PFC compound perfluorodimethylcyclohexane (C8F16, PDCH) were studied. The results were compared to other PFC tracer studies in the U.S.A. and Europe. The mean and median values of the measured PFCs were found to vary slightly and randomly in space and time. They were found to be higher and to have a larger standard deviation than the measurements from the American studies. The background concentrations were still found to be low and stable enough for PFCs to be highly suitable for use in tracer studies. The following concentrations were found: PMCP; 4.6±0.3 fl ℓ-1, PMCH: 4.6±0.8 fl ℓ-1, ocPDCH: 0.96±0.33 fl ℓ-1, mtPDCH: 9.3±0.8 fl ℓ-1, mcPDCH: 8.8±0.8 fl ℓ-1, ptPDCH: 6.1±0.8 fl ℓ-1. A study of the correlation between the measured PFC compounds showed a significant correlation between most of the compounds, which indicate that there are no major PFC sources in Europe. 相似文献
43.
Thirty-seven addled peregrine falcon eggs collected in South Greenland between 1986 and 2003 were analysed for their content of the organochlorine compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl tricloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). PCBs and DDT (including metabolites) were by far the most abundant OC groups, with median concentrations of 55 and 40 microg/g lw, respectively. The concentrations were high in an Arctic context, but similar to previously reported levels from Alaska and Norway and slightly lower than concentrations measured in eggs from industrialised regions. Geographical differences may be of importance, considering the migration of peregrine falcons and their prey. SigmaHCH and HCB had median concentrations of 0.39 and 0.17 microg/g lw, respectively. On average, DDE accounted for 97% of SigmaDDT, but was below critical levels for eggshell thinning. All compound groups showed a weak decreasing trend over the study period, which was statistically significant for HCB and close to being significant for SigmaHCH. The weak decrease of SigmaPCB and SigmaDDT is different from other time trend studies from Greenland, usually showing a more pronounced decrease in the beginning of the study period, followed by a certain stabilisation in recent years. 相似文献
44.
45.
Alastair Franke Knud Falk Kevin Hawkshaw Skip Ambrose David L. Anderson Peter J. Bente Travis Booms Kurt K. Burnham Suzanne Carrire Johan Ekenstedt Ivan Fufachev Sergey Ganusevich Kenneth Johansen Jeff A. Johnson Sergey Kharitonov Pertti Koskimies Olga Kulikova Peter Lindberg Berth-Ove Lindstrm William G. Mattox Carol L. McIntyre Svetlana Mechnikova Dave Mossop Sren Mller lafur K. Nielsen Tuomo Ollila Arve stlyngen Ivan Pokrovsky Kim Poole Marco Restani Bryce W. Robinson Robert Rosenfield Aleksandr Sokolov Vasiliy Sokolov Ted Swem Katrin Vorkamp 《Ambio》2020,49(3):784-785
While collating contributions and comments from 36 researchers, the coordinating authors accidentally omitted Dr. Suzanne Carrière from the list of contributing co-authors. Dr. Carrière’s data are described in Tables 1 and 3, Figure 2 and several places in the narrative. The new author list is thus updated in this article. 相似文献
46.
Pimp Your Landscape: A Tool for Qualitative Evaluation of the Effects of Regional Planning Measures on Ecosystem Services 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The article presents the platform “Pimp your landscape” (PYL), which aims firstly at the support of planners by simulating
alternative land-use scenarios and by an evaluation of benefits or risks for regionally important ecosystem services. Second,
PYL supports an integration of information on environmental and landscape conditions into impact assessment. Third, PYL supports
the integration of impacts of planning measures on ecosystem services. PYL is a modified 2-D cellular automaton with GIS features.
The cells have the major attribute “land-use type” and can be supplemented with additional information, such as specifics
regarding geology, topography and climate. The GIS features support the delineation of non-cellular infrastructural elements,
such as roads or water bodies. An evaluation matrix represents the core element of the system. In this matrix, values in a
relative scale from 0 (lowest value) to 100 (highest value) are assigned to the land-use types and infrastructural elements
depending on their effect on ecosystem services. The option to configure rules for describing the impact of environmental
attributes and proximity effects on cell values and land-use transition probabilities is of particular importance. User interface
and usage of the platform are demonstrated by an application case. Constraints and limits of the recent version are discussed,
including the need to consider in the evaluation, landscape-structure aspects such as patch size, fragmentation and spatial
connectivity. Regarding the further development, it is planned to include the impact of land management practices to support
climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in regional planning. 相似文献
47.
Katrin Prager 《Environmental management》2010,46(5):711-724
Although collaboration and multi-stakeholder partnerships have become a common feature in natural resource management throughout
the world, various problems are associated with attempts to up-scale community-based natural resource management from the
local to the regional level. To analyze the reasons behind these problems, this article reports on two examples of collaboratives
in Australia: local Landcare groups, and regional natural resource management (NRM) bodies. Recent government-induced changes
have shifted the focus from local Landcare group action to strategic planning and implementation by regional NRM bodies. Two
typologies of collaboratives are applied to analyze the characteristics of both these groups. The study uses data from 52
qualitative interviews with key informants at the local and regional level in Victoria and Tasmania, participant observation,
as well as literature and document analysis. The article illustrates how the groups’ distinct characteristics can cause conflicts
when the different types of collaboratives operate in parallel. In addition, the article reports how stakeholders perceive
the level of community participation in decision-making processes. The key message is that the benefits of community participation
and collaboration that arise at the local level can be lost when these approaches are up-scaled to the regional level unless
there is an intermediary or ‘mediating structure’ to facilitate communication and create the link between different types
of collaboratives. 相似文献
48.
Distinctive effects of nano-sized permethrin in the environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. S. Suresh Kumar P. J. Shiny C. H. Anjali Jayakumar Jerobin Katrin Margulis Goshen Shlomo Magdassi Amitava Mukherjee N. Chandrasekaran 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2593-2602
Pesticides are an essential tool in integrated pest management. Nanopermethrin was prepared by solvent evaporation from an oil-in-water volatile microemulsion. The efficacy of the formulated nanopermethrin was tested against Aedes aegypti and the results compared to those of regular, microparticular permethrin. The 24 h LC50 for nanopermethrin and permethrin was found to be 0.0063 and 0.0199 mg/L, respectively. The formulated nanopermethrin was tested for toxicity against non-target organisms. Nanopermethrin did not show antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 13534 and 25922) or against Bacillus subtilis. Phytotoxicity studies of nanopermethrin to the seeds of Lycopersicum esculentum, Cucumis sativus, and Zea mays showed no restraint in root length and germination percentage. In the Allium cepa test, regular microparticular permethrin treatment of 0.13 mg/L showed a mitotic index (MI) of 46.8 % and chromosomal aberration of 0.6 %, which was statistically significant (p?<?0.05) compared to control. No significant differences were observed in 0.13 mg/L nanopermethrin exposure as compared to control (MI of 52.0 and 55.03 % and chromosomal aberration of 0.2 and 0 %, respectively). It was concluded that formulated nanopermethrin can be used as a safe and effectual alternative to commercially available permethrin formulation in agricultural practices. 相似文献
49.
Ralf Zimmermann Fabian Mühlberger Katrin Fuhrer Marc Gonin Werner Welthagen 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):24-31
A recently developed novel intense rare-gas excimer vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source, the electron beam-pumped excimer
lamp (EBEL), has been applied to the soft single-photon ionization (SPI) of organic molecules in a compact orthogonal acceleration
time-of-flight mass spectrometer (oaTOFMS). The SPI-oaTOFMS system was applied to the on-line monitoring of tobacco smoke. With this setup, it was possible to analyze the composition
of individual puffs of cigarette smoke. Furthermore, a gas chromatograph (GC) was coupled to the EBEL SPIoaTOFMS system. Soft photo-ionization represents an additional separation dimension. By combination of the gas chromatographic
and the soft-ionization mass spectroscopic separation dimensions, a truly multidimensional comprehensive analytical method
could be derived. 相似文献
50.
The radical pair model of magnetoreception predicts that magnetic compass orientation can be disrupted by high frequency magnetic fields in the Megahertz range. European robins, Erithacus rubecula, were tested under monochromatic 565 nm green light in 1.315 MHz fields of 0.48 T during spring and autumn migration, with 1.315 MHz being the frequency that matches the energetic splitting induced by the local geomagnetic field. The birds responses depended on the alignment of the oscillating field with respect to the static geomagnetic field: when the 1.315 MHz field was aligned parallel with the field lines, birds significantly preferred northerly directions in spring and southerly directions in autumn. These preferences reflect normal migratory orientation, with the variance slightly increased compared to control tests in the geomagnetic field alone or to tests in a 7.0 MHz field. However, in the 1.315 MHz field aligned at a 24° angle to the field lines, the birds were disoriented in both seasons, indicating that the high frequency field interfered with magnetoreception. These finding are in agreement with theoretical predictions and support the assumption of a radical-pair mechanism underlying the processes mediating magnetic compass information in birds. 相似文献