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排序方式: 共有882条查询结果,搜索用时 500 毫秒
761.
762.
采用人工配水,在厌氧/好氧交替运行的序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中,富集了全菌数量80%以上的聚磷菌(Candi-datus Accumulibacter Phosphates)。以此为基础,研究了O2及不同浓度NO3--N、NO2--N对聚磷菌吸磷的影响。结果表明,在一定的条件下,聚磷菌可以NO3--N和NO2--N为电子受体进行缺氧吸磷;NO3--N浓度对聚磷菌的吸磷速率影响很小;聚磷菌可以低质量浓度NO2--N(≤40mg/L)为电子受体,但不能以高质量浓度NO2--N(≥80mg/L)为电子受体,而且高浓度NO2--N对聚磷菌吸磷产生抑制甚至对细菌本身存在毒害;NO2--N为电子受体时,其抑制浓度和污泥本身以及外界条件都存在很大的关系,各个研究结论不尽相同,其影响过程有待进一步的探讨。 相似文献
763.
Two types of nano-pore substrates, waste-reclaimed (WR) and soil mineral (SM) with the relatively low density, were modified by the reaction with irons (i.e. Fe(II):Fe(III) = 1:2) and the applicability of the modified substrates (i.e. Fe-WR and Fe-SM) on cyanide removal was investigated. Modification (i.e. Fe immobilization on substrate) decreased the BET surface area and PZC of the original substrates while it increased the pore diameter and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of them. XRD analysis identified that maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and iron silicate composite ((Mg, Fe)SiO3) existed on Fe-WR, while clinoferrosilite (FeSiO3) was identified on Fe-SM. Cyanide adsorption showed that WR adsorbed cyanide more favorably than SM. The adsorption ability of both original substrates was enhanced by the modification, which increased the negative charges of the surfaces. Without the pH adjustment, cyanide was removed as much as 97% by the only application of Fe-WR, but the undesirable transfer to hydrogen cyanide was possible because the pH was dropped to around 7.5. With a constant pH of 12, only 54% of cyanide was adsorbed on Fe-WR. On the other hand, the pH was kept as 12 without adjustment in Fe-WR/H2O2 system and cyanide was effectively removed by not only adsorption but also the catalytic oxidation. The observed first-order rate constant (kobs) for cyanide removal were 0.49 (±0.081) h−1. Moreover, the more cyanate production with the modified substrates indicated the iron composites, especially maghemite, on substrates had the catalytic property to increase the reactivity of H2O2. 相似文献
764.
活性炭和沸石对氨氮的吸附特性及生物再生 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
采用活性炭和沸石作为吸附材料,分别考察了这两种吸附材料对水体中氨氮的吸附特性及其生物再生性能。实验结果表明,活性炭和沸石对水体中氨氮的等温吸附符合Freundlich等温式,其拟合度分别为0.9783和0.9303;静态吸附结果表明活性炭和沸石均具有较好的氨氮吸附性能,24 h内沸石对氨氮的吸附能力为1.27 mg/g,高于活性炭的0.53 mg/g;动态吸附中沸石达到吸附饱和的时间为96 h,较活性炭达到吸附饱和的时间长,沸石显示出作为氨氮吸附剂的优越性;活性炭和沸石经过96 h的生物再生后吸附性能获得一定程度的再生,出水中氨氮浓度比未进行生物再生前分别降低17.31 mg/L和8.32 mg/L,且都在表面形成了稳定的生物膜。 相似文献
765.
Robert S. Wright Emery J. Kong Mark A. Bahner C. Andrew Clayton Carlos M. Nuñez Geddes H. Ramsey 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1110-1115
ABSTRACT Research Triangle Institute and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted several projects to measure hydrocarbon emissions associated with the manufacture of fiberglass-reinforced plastics. The purpose of these projects was to evaluate pollution prevention techniques to reduce emissions by altering raw materials, application equipment, and operator technique. Analytical techniques were developed to reduce the cost of these emission measurements. Emissions from a small test mold in a temporary total enclosure (TTE) correlated with emissions from full-size production molds in a separate TTE. Gravimetric mass balance measurements inside the TTE generally agreed to within ± 30 % with total hydrocarbon (THC) measurements in the TTE exhaust duct. Pure styrene evaporation tests served as quality control checks for THC measurements and generally agreed to within ± 5 %. 相似文献
766.
767.
曝气对遮光条件下藻类消亡的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻为材料,分析低光照度范围内藻类光合作用特性和呼吸速率,研究曝气对遮光条件下藻类消亡过程的影响.结果表明,(25±1) ℃时斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻的光补偿点分别为600、720 lx,呼吸速率分别为89、57 μmol/(mg*h);光照度低于光补偿点,藻类内源呼吸导致水体DO浓度降低;单纯遮光(光照度为0 lx)处理7 d,斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻生物量去除率(以OD650计)分别为17.2%和39.1%;增加曝气措施后,斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻去除率分别上升到71.3%和92.0%,曝气能有效促进藻类消亡.实验数据拟合结果证明,藻细胞消亡符合藻细胞内源呼吸-衰减模型. 相似文献
768.
Concentrations, spatial distributions and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils from a coastal city--Tianjin, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A total of 82 surface soil samples collected from central urban sites, surrounding rural sites, coastal sites and background sites in Tianjin were analyzed for 84 PCB congeners. The mean values of total PCBs concentrations for surrounding rural sites, central urban sites, coastal sites, background sites and the whole Tianjin region were 4.45, 3.20, 12.65, 1.96 and 4.02 ng g(-1), respectively. No "urban fractionation effect" was found in Tianjin, which reflected the influence of local emission sources for PCBs such as industries and township enterprises in surrounding rural sites. In contrast, a "primary fractionation effect" was found in Tianjin region. The PCBs concentrations for whole Tianjin region showed a strong east-west gradient and the percentages of lighter molecular weight PCBs homologs (sum of di- to tetra-PCBs) to the total PCBs concentrations increased from east to west. The seven indicator PCBs concentrations were well correlated with the total PCBs concentrations with the correlation coefficients as 0.76 for Tianjin region and 0.74 for central urban sites, respectively. Predominant PCB homolog groups were penta- and tri-PCBs for Tianjin region. 10 dioxin-like PCBs concentrations were well correlated with total PCBs concentrations for all the sampling sites (R=0.79, P<0.0001). The TEQ concentrations for 10 dioxin-like PCBs were 5.3424 ng kg(-1) for Tianjin region and showed a strong east to west gradient. The spatial distribution of PCBs levels, homolog composition patterns and TEQ concentrations were all obviously influenced by local emission sources for PCBs in the east part of Tianjin region. 相似文献
769.
利用化工污染物能抑制荧光素酶催化发光反应这一特性,对水质中6种化工化合物分别进行毒性测试,建立一种快速检测水质中化工污染物毒性的生物学方法。实验结果表明,对苯二酚、4-氨基酚、苯胺、氯仿、盐酸邻联甲苯胺和硫柳汞的EC50值分别为:5.563、10.225、20.236、38.432、8.827和0.6 mg/L,6种污染物毒性大小依次为:硫柳汞>对苯二酚>盐酸邻联甲苯胺>4-氨基酚>苯胺>氯仿,相关系数>0.95。该方法为进一步研究基于荧光素酶反应体系检测水质中化工污染物综合毒性的生物传感器方法奠定基础。 相似文献
770.
建立了加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(ASE-HPLC-PAD)快速测定土壤中苯并[a]芘(BaP)和二苯并[a.h]葸(DBA)的方法.通过提取剂、提取方法的优化,检测波长(BaP、DBA的λmax分别为294.6、295.8 nm)的选择,减少了干扰物的影响,提高了检测灵敏度.土壤中添加BaP、DBA的质量浓度均为0.02~0.50 mg/kg时,其平均回收率均为77.26%~109.56%,相对标准偏差为0.60%~2.74%;土壤中BaP、DBA的最小检测质量浓度分别为2.15、1.10μg/kg.将ASE-HPLC-PAD方法应用于污染场地土壤中BaP与DBA的测定及其降解特性研究表明,BaP与DBA的降解半衰期分别达210、693 d. 相似文献