表面改性在废塑料浮选分离中的研究

塑料制品在服役过程中易于老化,且交叉应用场景多,导致产生大量的混杂废塑料。浮选是分离混杂废塑料的重要方法,其主要依靠表面改性来实现分选。物理表面改性包括火焰处理、沸腾处理、轻度热处理等。化学表面改性分为两类,第一类为润湿剂表面改性,常用润湿剂包括单宁酸、羧甲基纤维素钠以及木质素磺酸盐等;第二类为化学方式处理表面改性,如氨水、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠等预处理方式。本文总结了前述表面改性方法在废塑料浮选分离中的研究与应用。     

非电气部件导致电磁辐射超标案例分析

通过对非电气部件导致整车GB/T 18387-2017低频电磁场辐射发射超标典型案例的分析,本文系统的介绍了测试数据分析、骚扰源定位、问题整改及验证的全过程,给出了干扰源类型、信号类型判断的辨析办法。通过整改案例分析,提出了辐射发射超标的问题排查及解决的基本思路。     

Dual-reaction-center catalytic process continues Fenton’s story

• Dual-reaction-center (DRC) system breaks through bottleneck of Fenton reaction. • Utilization of intrinsic electrons of pollutants is realized in DRC system. • DRC catalytic process well continues Fenton’s story. Triggered by global water quality safety issues, the research on wastewater treatment and water purification technology has been greatly developed in recent years. The Fenton technology is particularly powerful due to the rapid attack on pollutants by the generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, both heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like technologies follow the classical reaction mechanism, which depends on the oxidation and reduction of the transition metal ions at single sites. So even after a century of development, this reaction still suffers from its inherent bottlenecks in practical application. In recent years, our group has been focusing on studying a novel heterogeneous Fenton catalytic process, and we developed the dual-reaction-center (DRC) system for the first time. In the DRC system, H₂O₂ and O₂ can be efficiently reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in electron-rich centers, while pollutants are captured and oxidized by the electron-deficient centers. The obtained electrons from pollutants are diverted to the electron-rich centers through bonding bridges. This process breaks through the classic Fenton mechanism, and improves the performance and efficiency of pollutant removal in a wide pH range. Here, we provide a brief overview of Fenton’s story and focus on combing the discovery and development of the DRC technology and mechanism in recent years. The construction of the DRC and its performance in the pollutant degradation and interfacial reaction process are described in detail. We look forward to bringing a new perspective to continue Fenton’s story through research and development of DRC technology.     

Health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate contamination: a case study of a typical karst hydrogeological unit in East China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrate pollution in rivers, lakes, shallow groundwater, and even deep groundwater occurs in many parts of the world. And, it’s essential to...     

Response of extracellular and intracellular alkaline phosphatase in Microcystis aeruginosa to organic phosphorus

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyanobacterial blooms caused by Microcystis have become a menace to public health and water quality in the global freshwater ecosystem. Alkaline...     

成都市冬季重污染过程中挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

采用大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)在线监测系统对成都市冬季重污染过程的VOCs进行了连续在线观测,用正交矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型开展了VOCs源解析工作,并对重污染成因进行了分析。结果表明:观测期间成都市总VOCs(TVOCs)体积分数为21.83×10~(-9)～183.59×10~(-9),平均值为54.17×10~(-9),TVOCs中烷烃浓度最高,其次为炔烃、烯烃、芳香烃和卤代烃;成都市主要VOCs污染源为机动车排放源、液化石油气燃烧排放源、工业源、生物质燃烧源和溶剂使用源,贡献率分别为34.15%、21.57%、19.08%、15.19%、10.02%;边界层压缩和静风条件可能是导致VOCs和PM2.5浓度增加的主要原因。     

一株多环芳烃降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

微生物修复是治理土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)污染的主要方法,而高效降解菌筛选是微生物修复技术的重要基础。从北京焦化厂土壤中筛选分离得到一株PAHs降解菌Q3,通过生理生化和16S rDNA等分析手段鉴定其为Rhodococcus rhodochrous。结果表明:该菌株对芘的耐受能力较强,可降解初始浓度为200 mg·L~(-1)的芘;该菌株具有降解广谱性,可利用苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝等9种PAHs为唯一碳源进行代谢,特别是对苯并[a]芘等高环PAHs具有较好的降解效果;此外,该菌株可有效降解模拟液中的混合PAHs,并且对野外被PAHs长期污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复效果。投加菌株处理后的处理组与对照组相比,土壤PAHs总去除率提高了24%。以上结果表明该菌株对环境中被PAHs污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复潜力,可为PAHs污染土壤的微生物修复技术提供技术参考。     

表面活性剂对紫背浮萍吸收氮磷的影响

采用室内培养方法,以氨氮和总磷以及植物生长量作为观测指标,分别研究了阴离子型表面活性剂LAS、阳离子型表面活性剂CTMAB和非离子型表面活性剂Tween-80对紫背浮萍吸收氮磷及植株生长的影响。结果表明,无表面活性剂影响时紫背浮萍在模拟富营养化水体中生长良好并表现出很强的氮磷去除能力;LAS和CTMAB浓度低于1 mg/L时,紫背浮萍对总磷的吸收比对氨氮的吸收更易受影响;当浓度达到10 mg/L时,LAS和CTMAB的存在使紫背浮萍明显受到损伤,氮磷吸收率出现负值,而非离子型表面活性剂毒性相对最小,对紫背浮萍吸收氮磷的影响明显低于阴离子型和阳离子型的表面活性剂。     

武汉市重工业区周缘环境中镉的分布及其危害性

采用原子吸收法分析了武汉市重工业基地武钢周边的土壤、街道尘埃及蔬菜等主要环境介质中镉的含量,对环境介质体系中镉的地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明：研究区大部分土壤镉含量超标,且高出其母质长江冲积土中镉含量的5倍;处于工业区下风方向的土壤镉含量最高,达到284 mg/kg,显著高于其他方向土壤中的含量;街道尘埃中的镉含量均值达764 mg/kg,高于国内外许多发达名城;土壤和街道尘埃中镉均以地球化学活性态为主,具有显著的潜在生态危害性;环境介质中的镉对不同类型蔬菜的影响程度不同：小白菜>茄子>豇豆,但是,除了小白菜个别样点超标以外,大部分均未超标。然而,小白菜可食部分镉含量与土壤弱酸提取态的镉含量呈现显著的相关性。〖     

玄武湖沉积物中重金属的垂直分布

选取中国典型城市内湖--南京玄武湖为研究对象,采用目前运用较为广泛的欧洲标准测试分析委员会(now the Standards,Measurements and Testing Programme)推荐的BCR连续提取法对沉积物中Pb、Cd、Ni、Zn、Cr和Mo 6种重金属形态在垂向上的分布进行测定,并对其潜在迁移风险进行讨论。结果表明：玄武湖沉积物中6种重金属总量由大到小的顺序为：Zn＞Cr＞Mo＞Ni＞Pb＞Cd,含量分别为14880~24412、11255~13578、5519~7730、4142~4981、857~2005和129~173 mg/kg,除Pb外均高于南京土壤环境背景值。在50 cm的柱状沉积物样品中,Pb与Cd主要以可氧化态和残渣态存在,Mo、Ni、Zn和Cr主要以残渣态为主要的存在形态。6种重金属的总量与不同形态在垂向上的分布因金属种类不同有所差异。玄武湖沉积物中含有丰富的有机质(80%~110%),且pH值为偏酸性至近中性(582~713),沉积物中的重金属具有较高的潜在迁移风险,在城市湖泊污染治理中应予以足够的重视