泸沽湖沉积物－水界面扩散作用对上覆水体基本化学组成的影响

通过云南泸沽湖－－半封闭深水湖泊湖水和沉积物孔隙中Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、ＨＣＯ３等基本组分及ＰＨ等剖面分布的研究，结果表明，这些基本组分可以自底部沉积物向上覆体扩散迁移，定量地估算了扩散通量及其对上覆水体的影响程度，说明湖泊沉积物－水界面作用在控制整个水体水化学基本组成中的起着重要的作用。     

MapGIS技术支持下的宜宾市翠屏区宋家乡环境地球化学质量评价

采用地质累积指数和污染程度分析方法,结合MapGIS空间分析技术,对宜宾市翠屏区宋家乡项目区土地质量进行系统的环境地球化学质量评价,重点对调查区的重金属元素(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni)情况进行土壤质量评价。结果显示,宋家乡研究区土壤中存在不同程度的Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cu重金属超标,主要集中在洋坪村、丘陵村和大地村,而大地村的镉超标较为严重,整个研究区砷没有出现污染。为此,结合实际查明造成重金属污染的原因,为该区土壤资源、环境评价和农业经济发展规划提供实用的地球化学信息。     

Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯分子印迹溶胶-凝胶材料合成表征

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为模板分子,以四乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,以苯基三甲氧基硅烷为功能单体,用溶胶-凝胶法合成了一种分子印迹聚合物,并对其在强极性体系甲醇和水中对模板分子的吸附进行表征,以论证此分子印迹聚合物对水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素吸附处理的可行性.     

水解酸化＋两级生物接触氧化处理高盐度水产品加工废水

介绍了“水解酸化＋两级生物接触氧化”处理水产品加工废水的运行效果和工程实例，结果表明：对C1^-浓度平均6000mg／L的高盐度水产品加工废水，系统对COD、SS、氨氮的去除率分别超过了88％、90％、85％，出水COD、SS、氨氮分别低于100mg／L、70mg／L、15mg／L，出水完全可以达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）一级排放标准。     

邳州市生态保护现状的调查及对策研究

阐述了江苏省邳州市现有的自然资源状况，总结近年来谈市在生态保护和建设过程中取得的成效，并指出了该市生态保护和建设所在的主要症结。在通过对该市生态保护和建设所存在问题的主要原因着重进行分析的基础上．提出了邳州市生态保护和建设应把握的主要原则，并对今后进一步加强生态建设、开展生态环境保护提出了研究对策，对经济期待实现跨越发展的欠发达地区的开展生态保护和建设有较大的借鉴意义。     

Effects of cerium on growth and physiological mechanism in plants under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

Effect of cerium （Ce^3＋） on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system in rape seedlings （Brassica juncea L.） exposed to two levels of UV-B radiation （T1： 0.15 W/m^2 and T2：0.35 W/m^2） was studied by hydroponics under laboratory conditions. After 5 d of UV-B treatment, the aboveground growth indices were obviously decreased by 13.2%-44. 1%（T1） and 21.4%-49.3% （T2）, compared to CK, and except active absorption area of roots, the belowground indices by 14.1%-35.6%（T1） and 20.3%-42.6% （T2）. For Ce＋UV-B treatments, the aboveground and belowground growth indices were decreased respectively by 4.1%-23.6%, 5.2% -23.3%（Ce＋T1） and 10.8%-28.4%, 7.0%-27.8%（Ce＋T2）, lower than those of UV-B treatments. The decrease of growth indices appeared to be the result of changes of physiological processes. Two levels of UV-B radiation induced the decrease in chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency by 11.2%-25.9%（T1） and 20.9%- 56.9%（T2）, whereas increase in membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） by 6.9%, 22.8%, 21.5%, 9.5%（T1） and 36.6%, 122.3%, 103.5%, 208.9%（T2）, respectively. The reduction of the photosynthetic parameters in Ce＋UV-B treatments was lessened to 3.2%-13.8%（Ce＋T1） and 4.9%-27.6%（Ce＋T2）, and the increase of membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes except POD in the same treatments were lessened to 2.4%, 8.4%, 6.6%（Ce＋T1） and 30.1%, 116.7%, 75.4%（Ce＋T2）. These results indicate that the regulative effect of Ce on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic function is the ecophysiological basis of alleviating the suppression of UV-B radiation on growth of seedlings. Furthermore, the protective effect of Ce on seedlings exposed to TI level of UV-B radiation is superior to T2 level.     

多种染料的微生物脱色研究

从印染、毛纺等废水处理场的生物膜和活性污泥中分离到13株对36种染料有脱色能力的细菌。其中三株转化单胞菌D_(32),D_(33),D_4分别对29种染料有良好的脱色作用,其完整细胞对单一染料的脱色活力达2.6mg·g~(-1)(细胞湿重)·h~(-1)。对脱色反应的条件和机理进行了初探。     

久效磷在黄河水体沉积物中的吸附特征及机理

研究了黄河水体沉积物对有机磷农药久效磷的吸附特性及机理 ,结果表明 ,沉积物对黄河水中久效磷的吸附符合 L angmuir和 Freundlich等温式 ,是分配作用和表面吸附共同作用的结果。对分配作用和表面吸附在沉积物吸附久效磷中的相对贡献率进行了定量描述 :它们均为浓度的函数 ,吸附作用以分配作用为主。