氧化·热化学脱硫研究

热化学脱硫法因铵盐回收率低、产物不稳定,无法解决实用化问题。氧化热化学法应用超强脉冲电场产生高浓度、高能量的活性粒子,使SO₂在氧化过程中生成H₂SO₄,与NH3进行热化学反应,生成稳定的固体微粒（NH₄）₂SO₄,用电收尘器加以回收。脱除率、回收率可达90％左右,脱除1m³烟气中SO₂耗能为4Wh,实现了干法高效脱硫。一次投资大幅度减少,回收铵盐基本上抵消了药品费和电费。     

A novel co-catalyzed system between persulfate and chlorite by sonolysis for removing triphenylmethane derivative

Triphenylmethane (tpm) derivatives (e.g. tpm_CV) have threatened the safety of the aquatic environment due to the potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, the novel ultrasonic/persulfate/chlorite (US/S₂O₈²⁻/ClO₂⁻) oxidation process was developed for the effective removal of tpm_CV in wastewater. The apparent non-integer kinetics (n around 1.20) of tpm_CV degradation under different factors (R²_Adj > 0.990) were investigated, respectively. Inhibiting effects of anions were greater than those of cations (except Fe(II/III)). The adding of micromolecule organic acids could regulate degradation towards positive direction. The double response surface methodology (RSM) was designed to optimize tpm_CV removal process, and the acoustic-piezoelectric interaction was simulated to determine the propagation process of acoustic wave in the reactor. The possible degradation pathway was explored to mainly include carbonylation, carboxylation, and demethylation. The estimated effective-mean temperature at the bubble-water interface was calculated from 721 to 566 K after introducing the ClO₂⁻, however, the adsorption or partitioning capacity of tpm_CV in the reactive zone was widened from 0.0218 to 0.0982. The proposed co-catalysis of US/S₂O₈²⁻/ClO₂⁻ was based on the determined active species mainly including ClO₂, SO₄⋅⁻, and ⋅OH. Compared with other US-based processes, the operating cost (3.97 $/m³) of US/S₂O₈²⁻/ClO₂⁻ with the EE/O value (16.8 kWh/m³) was relatively reduced.     

U（Ⅵ）在处置场地质环境中迁移规律的模拟研究

以西南某极低放射性废物处置场土壤为研究对象,采用静态吸附和动态吸附实验获取处置场地质特征参数,结合PHREEQC软件和地下水数值模拟系统（GMS）预测U（Ⅵ）在处置场环境中的化学种态和迁移规律。结果表明：U（Ⅵ）在处置场土壤中的吸附平衡时间为20 d,吸附分配系数为358 mL/g;U（Ⅵ）在处置场地下水环境中主要以UO₂（CO₃）₂^2-和UO₂（CO₃）₃^4-形式存在;处置场关闭后安全运行30 a,处置场中心U（Ⅵ）质量浓度下降4.20%,外围50 m与下游河流边界处U（Ⅵ）质量浓度分别为初始给定值的3.40%和1.32%;在12 a时有0.10%的U（Ⅵ）到达河边。     

城市生活垃圾（MSW）厌氧消化处理研究

提出了城市生活垃圾的高固体含量厌氧消化处理方法并对此进行了研究。结果表明，城市生活垃圾的高固体含量厌氧消化处理是生活垃圾最好的处理方式之一，垃圾不仅可以得到即时即地的大量处理，最大限度地减少垃圾的污染，同时，还可以产生很好的经济效益和巨大的环境效益，这种垃圾处理方式值得应用和推广。     

等离子体协同光催化去除模拟烟气中SO2的实验研究

近年来,低温等离子体技术以及纳米TiO2光催化技术在烟气脱硫中的应用越来越引起人们的关注.利用填充床反应器将这2种技术有机地结合起来,进行了大量脱硫实验研究.研究结果表明,等离子体协同光催化去除烟气中的SO2与单独采用等离子体技术相比,其SO2的去除率可提高5%～20%.同时,探讨了等离子体协同TiO2光催化剂的脱硫机理,分别研究了外加电压、气体流量和SO2初始浓度等因素对脱硫效率的影响.实验结果表明,当SO2初始浓度为800mg/m3,输入电压为17.5 kV,气体流量为0.2 m3/h时,SO2脱除率可以达到77.6%.     

环境补偿费的价格构成标示化探讨

中国环境状况日趋严峻,各种环保对策频频出台,而效果与预期相差甚远,综合治理环境特别是市场经济手段的探讨成为面临的重要课题。从产品价格构成视角出发,将环境补偿因素在商品价格构成中的分量传达给消费者,通过消费者的判断取向,影响企业的产品销售情况,进而迫使排污治理不良企业对治污策略的重新考虑,以求达到环境整体的改善和修复。本文提出了一个新的思路,即通过社会生活中消费群体的商品价值判断和接受过程,来反制企业对生产活动中排污治理的懈怠。     

基于生物表面活性剂的柴油微乳体系构建与性能研究

以生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂（RL）为表面活性剂，中长碳链正构醇（正丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇及正辛醇）为助表面活性剂，采用滴定法制备RL／柴油／正构醇／水柴油微乳体系，并考察了表面活性剂用量（Km）、助表面活性剂醇的种类及用量（δas）及离子强度对柴油微乳体系最大增溶水量（Wo）的影响，并对不同条件下获得的柴油微乳体系的运动粘度（μ）和表面张力（γ）进行了表征。通过荧光法测得RL在柴油中的临界胶束浓度CMC为7g／L。当生物表面活性剂与柴油的质量比Km为0．02，助表面活性剂选用正庚醇且醇与表面活性剂的质量比δgs为0．1，NaOH溶液质量分数为0．06％时，柴油微乳体系的肛和T较低，形。最大，性能较佳。     

Rapid and long-effective removal of broad-spectrum pollutants from aqueous system by ZVI/oxidants

• The coupling of oxidants with ZVI overcome the impedance of ZVI passive layer. • ZVI/oxidants system achieved fast and long-effective removal of contaminants. • Multiple mechanisms are involved in contaminants removal by ZVI/oxidant system. • ZVI/Oxidants did not change the reducing property of ORP in the fixed-bed system. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) technology has recently gained significant interest in the efficient sequestration of a wide variety of contaminants. However, surface passivation of ZVI because of its intrinsic passive layer would lead to the inferior reactivity of ZVI and its lower efficacy in contaminant removal. Therefore, to activate the ZVI surface cheaply, continuously, and efficiently is an important challenge that ZVI technology must overcome before its wide-scale application. To date, several physical and chemical approaches have been extensively applied to increase the reactivity of the ZVI surface toward the elimination of broad-spectrum pollutants. Nevertheless, these techniques have several limitations such as low efficacy, narrow working pH, eco-toxicity, and high installation cost. The objective of this mini-review paper is to identify the critical role of oxygen in determining the reactivity of ZVI toward contaminant removal. Subsequently, the effect of three typical oxidants (H₂O₂, KMnO₄, and NaClO) on broad-spectrum contaminants removal by ZVI has been documented and discussed. The reaction mechanism and sequestration efficacies of the ZVI/oxidant system were evaluated and reviewed. The technical basis of the ZVI/oxidant approach is based on the half-reaction of the cathodic reduction of the oxidants. The oxidants commonly used in the water treatment industry, i.e., NaClO, O₃, and H₂O₂, can be served as an ideal coupling electron receptor. With the combination of these oxidants, the surface corrosion of ZVI can be continuously driven. The ZVI/oxidants technology has been compared with other conventional technologies and conclusions have been drawn.