离子色谱法测定大气中的甲磺酸

建立了以玻璃纤维膜-KB120气溶胶采样器采集大气中甲磺酸的采样方法;以0.1mmol·l-1H3BO3/0.1mmol·l-1 Na2B4O7为淋洗液的甲磺酸离子色谱分析方法.分析方法的精密度和准确度分别为5%和4%.并实测了青岛冬季大气气溶胶中MSA,SO2-4和NO-3的平均浓度分别为0.10μg·m-3,30.40μg·m -3和17.98μg·m-3.     

The life cycle assessment of an e-waste treatment enterprise in China

Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) has become one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world, and many countries have established e-waste treatment enterprises to solve their e-waste problems. In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was undertaken to quantitatively investigate the environmental impacts of an e-waste treatment enterprise in China. The LCA is constructed by SimaPro software version 7.2 and expressed with the Eco-indicator 99 life cycle impact assessment method. For a sensitivity analysis of the overall LCA results, the so-called CML method is used in order to estimate the influence of the choice of the assessment method on the result. According to the survey data, discarded TV sets accounted for the highest proportion of e-waste treated in the enterprise in 2010. The e-waste treatment had little environmental impact, and at the same time large environmental benefits can be achieved mainly due to the recycled resources and reuse of some components. Based on the research results, it can be seen that recycled metal, especially copper, would be of more importance for environmental benefits. Relevant results and data from this study could provide decision support to enterprise managers and government sectors.     

双氰胺-甲醛聚合物-聚合氯化铝复合絮凝剂的合成及应用

以双氰胺、甲醛、氯化铝为主要原料，加入添加剂合成了双氰胺-甲醛聚合物（DF）-聚合氯化铝（PAC）复合絮凝剂。采用模拟印染废水考察了各种因素对DF—PAC复合絮凝剂混凝脱色性能的影响。实验结果表明，在双氰胺、甲醛、氯化铝、添加剂加入量分别为29．1，57．8，4．8，12．5g，反应温度（70±1）℃、反应时间2．5h的条件下制得的DF—PAC复合絮凝剂的絮凝脱色性能良好，COD去除率不小于90％，色度去除率不小于99％。与PAC和DF絮凝剂相比，DF—PAC复合絮凝剂对实际印染废水的絮凝脱色效果更好。     

圆柱体相似试件的拉裂破坏模型研究

首先简单介绍了单轴压缩试验的具体情况。对于拉裂破坏模式,提出了相应的力学计算模型,并建立了抗压强度和抗拉强度的关系式。对于由拉裂面的存在而导致试件最终破坏的计算模型,提出了4种相应的假设。其中,对4种特征的拉裂面建立了抗压强度和抗拉强度的关系式。     

Effective removal of coordinated copper from wastewater using a new dithiocarbamate-type supramolecular heavy metal precipitant

A new dithiocarbamate-type heavy metal precipitant, sodium 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazinedithiocarbamate (HTDC), was prepared and used to remove coordinated copper from wastewater. In the reported dithiocarbamate-type precipitants, HTDC possesses the highest percentage of the effective functional groups. It could effectively precipitate copper to less than 0.5 mg l⁻¹ from both synthetic and actual industrial wastewater containing CuEDTA in the range of pH 3–9. UV–vis spectral investigation and elemental analysis suggested that the precipitate was a kind of coordination supramolecular compound, [Cu₃(HTDC)₂]_n. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and semi-dynamic leaching test (SDLT) indicated that the supramolecular precipitate was non-hazardous and stable in weak acid and alkaline conditions. Tests of an anion exchange resin D231 provided a clue to simultaneously remove excess HTDC and residual CuEDTA in practical process of wastewater treatment.     

复合式吸收器采样还原一体化冷原子吸收法测定大气中的汞

目的研制一种高效率采集大气中汞的吸收器.方法利用一种集大泡式与玻砂板式吸收器为一体的复合式吸收器采样,并使采样还原一体化冷原子吸收法测定大气中汞.结果平均吸收率为96%,变异系数在4%～12%之间.结论复合式吸收器采样吸收效率高,适合于大气中微量汞的测定.     

Chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in surface sediment from Taihu Lake, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake--an important water supply of the Yangtze River Delta, China--were investigated in the present study. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.91 to 4.8 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 2.9 pg TEQ g(-1) dw, TEQ: Toxic Equivalent), which were all higher than the threshold effect level established by interim sediment quality guidelines in Canada (0.85 pg TEQ g(-1) dw). The levels of PBDD/Fs ranged from 0.16 to 1.6 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 0.52 pg TEQ g(-1) dw) and accounted for 5-33% (mean: 14%) of the total PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs TEQ. Comparatively, the abundance of sedimentary PCDD/Fs in the three regions (Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Xukou Bay) showed a decreasing trend from the inflow region to the outflow region, while no significant difference was observed among their 2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs levels, which suggested that the sources of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs differed in this area. Principal component analysis suggested that the historical production/usage of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate was the dominant source of PCDD/Fs in the sediment of these regions. Although the specific sources of PBDD/Fs in the sediment of Taihu Lake were unclear, it was suspected to be due to atmospheric deposition; however, an additional study is needed to confirm this.     

改性CMC聚合物吸附酸法地浸废水中的铀

在温度为70～80℃、单体质量浓度为30%～35%、羧甲基纤维素∶丙烯酸(质量比)为10∶2.5、反应时间为3.5～4 h条件下对CMC进行改性,接枝率可达68%以上。以改性前后的CMC为吸附剂,对模拟酸法地浸含铀废水进行了对比吸附实验研究。结果表明:改性CMC对铀吸附效果最佳的实验条件为:改性CMC质量浓度为0.10 g/L,温度为25℃,pH为5.0,吸附时间100 min,此时铀去除率达到了97.1%,比CMC改性后对铀的吸附率平均提高了近21%。影响吸附效果程度由强到弱的顺序为:改性CMC投加量、pH、吸附时间、温度。     

黑藻对铅离子的生物吸附

研究了黑藻对Pb^2＋的生物吸附作用，考察了溶液pH、Pb^2＋初始质量浓度、黑藻加入量和吸附时间对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明，溶液pH在2．5～5．0时吸附效果最好，吸附20min基本达到平衡。在溶液pH为4．0、黑藻加入量为2g／L、吸附时间为60min、Pb^2＋初始质量浓度为100mg／L的条件下，黑藻对Pb^2＋的吸附量为47．5mg／g。通过元素分析和等温吸附模型对黑藻吸附Pb^2＋的机理进行了研究，发现黑藻吸附Pb“是阳离子交换过程，吸附符合Langmuir、Freundlich和D—R等温吸附模型。考察了Cd^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋对黑藻吸附Pb^2＋的影响，结果表明，Cd^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋的存在不干扰黑藻对Pb^2＋的吸附。