Effects of tetrahydrofuran on dissolved oxygen,pH, culturable aerobic microbes and enzyme activity in wastewater

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is easy to volatilize and hard to biodegrade. Little is known about the influence and fate of tetrahydrofuran in the environment. The effects of THF were examined on dissolved oxygen, pH, culturable aerobic microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi) and four selected enzymes (protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase) in wastewater. The wastewater containing some activated sludge was taken from the aeration basin in Sibao sewage plant in Hangzhou, China. THF at lower concentrations of enhanced aerobic respiration and higher concentrations decreased utilization of oxygen in wastewater. The short-term influence of THF on pH was not obvious, but the long-term effect was apparent. Inhibition of THF on culturable aerobic microbes rose with increasing THF concentrations but decreased with prolongation of incubation time. No effect of THF on the activity of protease, phosphatase, amylase, and lipase was found. Data indicate that lower concentrations of THF exert no marked influence on wastewater in an urban sewage plant.     

低渗透油田压裂废水处理技术实验研究

通过低渗透油田压裂废水处理系列实验,研究了降黏预处理-Fe/C微电解-絮凝处理技术,有效地降低了废水的COD,考察H2O2、pH、Fe/C比例、Fe/C加量、Ca(OH)2加量及反应时间等影响因素。结果表明此实验的优化工艺条件为:H2O2加量0.5%、pH为1、Fe/C比例1∶1、Fe/C加量5g/L、Ca(OH)2加量3g/L、反应时间120min。     

ACF负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的研究

为了研究活性碳纤维（ACF）负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的效果，采用浸渍法制备了系列负载氧化铈和氧化铜的ACF，在微型反应器中进行程序升温反应，通过正交试验，确定催化反应的最佳条件，考察了反应温度和复合金属氧化物的不同含量对催化活性的影响，并与ACF负载单金属氧化物作了比较，同时对催化剂进行了扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱分析实验。实验结果表明，在氨氮比是1.1∶1，氧气体积比为5%，体积流速为4 000 h^-1的条件下，负载复合金属氧化物的ACF低温活性相差很大，随着温度的升高，催化效率持续提高。当氧化铈与氧化铜的含量分别为10%和30%，在120～300℃区域内去除率维持80%以上，是低温催化中理想的催化剂。     

强化活性炭处理工艺去除焦化厂生化出水中的氰化物

以某焦化厂生化出水为研究对象,考寨了金属负载活性炭(简称负载炭)和Fenton氧化预处理等强化活性炭工艺对总氰化物(TCN)的去除效果.在TCN批式实验中,对负载炭的金属离子种类和固定方式进行了考察,同时研究了接触时间、DO对游离氰(KCN配水)、络合氰(K3Fe(CN)6配水)及焦化厂生化出水中TCN的去除效果.结果表明,负载金属离子可以有效提高活性炭对TCN的去除量,KI固定后的载铜活性炭对TCN的去除更有效.吸附作用在活性炭去除TCN过程中起着主要作用,同时TCN在活性炭表面也发生缓慢的催化氧化反应.在穿透实验中,采用了小型炭柱穿透和微型快速穿透实验方法,得到的TCN穿透曲线基本相同.含不同比例原煤炭和负载炭的小型炭柱处理经Fenton氧化预处理的焦化厂生化出水时,在18 d的启动阶段后形成生物活性炭柱,其出水能长期达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)规定的要求.载铜话性炭可以提高活性炭工艺对TCN的去除能力,确保处理全程(57 d)出水的TCN达标.     

Cell absorption induced desorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants from digested soil residue

Oral ingestion of contaminated soil is an important pathway of human exposure to hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), particularly for children in developing countries. The mobilization potential of various contaminants from ingested soil is often characterized using an in vitro gastrointestinal model, based on the quantities of contaminants remaining in digestive fluid after digestion and separation. Recently, it was experimentally demonstrated that a large fraction of mobilized contaminants sorbed on the digested residue could be released if the dissolved fraction was removed by intestinal absorption. This hypothesis was further tested in this study. Soil spiked with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDXs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was digested using an in vitro gastrointestinal model. A human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) was cultured in digestive fluid with or without soil residue (pre-equilibrated with the soil) for 2 h. A large proportion of the contaminants (37-68%) was sorbed on the digested residue. Without this residue, 66 ± 13% of DDXs and 73 ± 14% of PAHs dissolved in the fluid, as means and standard deviations, were absorbed by the cell monolayer after exposure. With both digestive fluid and residue, the sorbed fraction of PAHs and DDXs decreased by 38-92%, while the ratios of the cellular to the dissolved concentrations were 2.7-2.8 times higher than those without the residue. This supported the hypothesis that the cell absorption of dissolved HOCs induces desorption of the sorbed fraction from digestive residue, and the desorbed HOCs can be absorbed as well.     

优化污水厂工艺参数强化处理阿特拉津的研究

研究了低浓度阿特拉津冲击对A/O工艺运行稳定性的影响,并探索了通过优化工艺参数强化处理低浓度阿特拉津的可行性。结果表明,和碳氧化活性相比,阿特拉津对活性污泥系统硝化活性的抑制作用更强,同时其代谢产生的氨氮又增加了系统负荷,最终导致氨氮去除率维持在较低水平上。采用调整A/O工艺参数的方式,可实现低浓度阿拉特津的强化处理,最优运行参数为硝化液回流比=200%,缺氧区/好氧区停留时间比=1∶3。在该运行工况下,目标污染物被高效去除,系统运行稳定。     

鼠李糖脂对微生物菌剂降解石油的影响

以石油烃降解微生物菌剂和铜绿假单胞菌株A6为对象，考察不同浓度鼠李糖脂对菌剂细胞表面疏水性、原油降解性能和微生物生长的影响，采用GC-MS分析石油中正构烷烃组分的降解情况。结果表明，低浓度鼠李糖脂就可提高菌剂细胞的表面疏水性和原油降解效果。以250mg／L添加组最明显，第7天疏水性达最高，为58．6％，比对照组提高约26．2％；降解第15天原油降解率达71．6％，分别比对照组和TW20组提高16％和13．3％。GC-MS结果显示鼠李糖脂对高碳数烷烃的降解作用大于低碳数烷烃，正二十三烷和正三十三烷的降解率分别较对照提高了21．5％和33．7％。菌剂对奇数碳烷烃的降解效果优于偶数碳烷烃。鼠李糖脂分别使菌剂中细菌、放线菌和霉菌的最大生物量提高了5．7、2．4和1．8倍。鼠李糖脂对微生物细胞疏水性和生物量的提高与石油降解效果正相关。     

秦皇岛探测环境变化对气象要素的影响

为分析秦皇岛地面气象探测环境变化对气象要素的影响，采用距平百分率和线性倾向估计及趋势系数等方法，对秦皇岛气象站（54449）新、旧站址搬迁前后1989—1998、1999—2008年各10年，与没有迁站的昌黎站做同期资料比较，结果表明：秦皇岛探测环境变化对气象要素有显著影响：年平均气温、年极端气温较迁站前显著下降，相对湿度增大，日照时数明显减少，雾日增多。指出气象要素变化除具有随时间变化的共同差异外，主要受探测环境变化的影响。     

吹扫捕集/气相色谱/质谱法测定水体中54种常见挥发性有机物的研究

运用吹扫捕集/气相色谱/质谱(P＆T/GC/MS)法对水体中54种常见的挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了测定.结果表明,VOCs的色谱分离情况较好,平均加标回收率为88.5%～117.0%,相对标准偏差为0.71%～8.50%,准确度和精密度均符合有关分析测试的要求;方法检出限为0.10～0.61μg/L,远低于<地表水环境质量标准>(GB 3838-2002)、<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB3838-2002)及国外相关标准的限值;54种VOCs的线性范围不同,低沸点的VOCs线性范围较宽,高沸点的VOCs的线性范围较窄,因此在分析VOCs样品配制标准工作曲线时,应注意不同沸点VOCs的线性范围.     

聚环氧琥珀酸在静电水中的阻垢性能研究

为了提高绿色阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢性能，将静电水处理引入到水处理过程中，采用静态阻垢和动态阻垢实验研究了聚环氧琥珀酸在静电水中的阻垢性能。实验结果表明，在2种实验方法中，聚环氧琥珀酸和静电水处理之间都具有协同阻垢作用。静态实验时，聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢率可提高19．3％；动态实验时，阻垢率提高12．8％。静电水处理能显著提高聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢性能。