六氯苯对水体微型生物群落的影响及其吸附行为

研究了六氯苯(HCB)对微型水生生物群落的影响及其吸附、传递过程.测定了群落的耗氧量和不同粒经颗粒物的生物量及HCB变化.试验结果显示,在6μg/L HCB影响下,群落的呼吸作用受到抑制,生物量减少.试验第1天,30.0%(质量分数,下同)的HCB以溶解态存在,26.3%吸附在0.22～2 μm的颗粒物(以细菌为主)上,22.1%吸附在2～8 μm的颗粒物(以鞭毛虫和藻类为主)上,21.6%吸附在大于8 μm的颗粒物(以藻类和大型原生动物为主)上.48 h后,溶解态的HCB逐渐减少,并由食物链低营养级向高营养级传递.最后74.9%的HCB都吸附在微型生物群落等颗粒物上,只有25.1%的HCB以溶解态存在.     

新型湿式湍流除尘器及在电厂输煤系统中的应用

介绍了针对火电厂输煤系统作业环境粉尘治理而研制开发的新型湿式湍流除尘器的设计思路、设备结构、技术特点及在电厂输煤系统的应用情况.     

含有机物铁泥的超临界水氧化法资源化

氨基染料生产过程中产生大量含有机物的铁泥,对环境造成严重污染并造成资源的极大浪费.利用超临界水氧化法对含有机物铁泥进行资源化处理研究,并对产物进行了X射线衍射分析（XRD）、色差实验与电子探针分析.研究结果显示,用超临界水氧化法处理铁泥可以将铁泥中所含的有机物完全氧化,真正实现环境友好;超临界水首先将铁泥氧化成α-Fe2O3与γ-Fe2O3,再经过800℃煅烧后可以作为氧化铁红颜料使用;超临界反应压力对样品的晶型与颜色影响不大.     

两种外源性磷及振荡对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的影响

为了探索富营养化水体“水华”形成机理 ,研究了甘油磷酸钠和磷酸二氢钾这两种外源性磷和振荡与否对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响 .试验结果表明 :在静止培养时 ,外源性磷能提高铜绿微囊藻的生长速率 ,提高的程度随着外源性磷浓度的上升而下降 .该有机磷比无机磷更有利于对数期铜绿微囊藻的生长 .同静止培养相比 ,振荡能大大降低铜绿微囊藻的生长速率 .在振荡时 ,只有添加高浓度的外源性磷才能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长 .因此 ,在“水华”暴发过程中 ,虽然水体中外源性磷数量是影响铜绿微囊藻生长的重要因素之一 ,但是其它的环境因子可能起到更重要的作用 ,模拟风搅动的振荡就是重要的环境因子之一 ,振荡对铜绿微囊藻生长产生的不利影响要远远大于外源性磷的种类和数量所产生的影响 .图 6表 2参 6     

大气扩散浓度估算在锅炉房烟囱高度计算中的应用

锅炉房的烟囱已从单纯的排气装置发展成为控制污染、保护环境的设备。因此烟囱高度的正确估算对于环境影响评价工作、建设单位都至关重要。结合唐山某城区集中供热锅炉房环境影响评价案例,利用大气扩散浓度公式估算锅炉房烟囱高度。在计算过程中,考虑了烟气流速及当地常年风向、风速、稳定度等污染气象特征,由正态分布模式导出的简化公式导出最大着地浓度与烟囱有效高度的平方成反比,从而计算出烟囱高度。另外还总结烟囱设计中应注意的一些问题,为建有锅炉房的建设项目环境影响评价工作提供参考。     

国内外雨水、污水和中水在城市绿地系统中的应用进展及发展现状

由于人口增加,城市化程度加快,水资源短缺日趋加剧,文章依据可持续发展理念,提出雨水、污水和中水在城市绿地系统中的应用,对指导城市供水、用水、节水、污水处理和水资源保护,促进城市水系统的良性循环有重要作用;指出它能充分发挥生产潜力,使资源最佳化,非常适合建设节约型城市,具有广阔的应用前景;并对国内外雨水、污水和中水在城市绿地系统中的应用方法及相关实例进行了综述,是环境保护中最具说服力的应用事例,旨在使人们形成节约资源、尊重自然的生态观念。     

Gamma irradiation-induced decomposition of sulfamethoxazole in aqueous solution: the influence of additives,biological inhibitory,and degradation mechanisms

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was decomposed by using gamma irradiation in the presence of different additives such as NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻, Cr(VI), 2-propanol, and tert-butanol. The results demonstrated that NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol inhibited SMX radiolytic removal. However, there existed a synergetic effect for radiolytic removal of the mixture containing SMX and Cr(VI). At an absorbed dose of 150 Gy, the removal percentages of SMX and Cr(VI) in the mixture were 73.5 and 84.6%, respectively, which was higher than the removal percentages of 70.6 and 4.1% for the single component of SMX and Cr(VI). This provides us an insight into treating the combined pollution in micro-polluted water. The SMX radiolytic removal followed a pseudo first-order reaction kinetic model, and the rate constant ratios of ·OH, e_aq ⁻, and H· towards SMX radiolysis were 10.4:1:2.9. In addition, 24-h bio-inhibitory to the macroalgae of SMX solution during gamma irradiation reached the maximum of 0.85 at an adsorbed dose of 100 Gy, then gradually decreased with the increasing adsorbed dose. Based on LC-MS analysis and quantum chemical calculation, the degradation intermediates were determined and concluded that SMX radiolytic removal was mainly via ·OH radical attack and direct decomposition of SMX molecule by gamma ray.

     

Phytostabilization potential of evening primrose (Oenothera glazioviana) for copper-contaminated sites

A field investigation, field experiment, and hydroponic experiment were conducted to evaluate feasibility of using Oenothera glazioviana for phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soil. In semiarid mine tailings in Tongling, Anhui, China, O. glazioviana, a copper excluder, was a dominant species in the community, with a low bioaccumulation factor, the lowest copper translocation factor, and the lowest copper content in seed (8 mg kg^?1). When O. glazioviana was planted in copper-polluted farmland soil in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, its growth and development improved and the level of γ-linolenic acid in seeds reached 17.1 %, compared with 8.73 % in mine tailings. A hydroponic study showed that O. glazioviana had high tolerance to copper, low upward transportation capacity of copper, and a high γ-linolenic acid content. Therefore, it has great potential for the phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soils and a high commercial value without risk to human health.     

Project feasibility study: the key to successful implementation of sustainable and socially responsible construction management practice

This paper introduces a new approach for conducting project feasibility study by embracing the principles of sustainable development. Construction projects, in particular, infrastructures have major influence on the attainment of sustainable development, thus project sustainability needs to be considered. This becomes a pressing issue particularly in those developing countries or regions, such as China where a huge amount of construction works are currently performed and remain to happen in the future. Previous study has addressed little on the relevance of project feasibility study to project sustainability performance. The importance of incorporating sustainable development principles in conducting project feasibility study is not effectively understood by project stakeholders. This paper addresses major challenges of undertaking project feasibility study in line with sustainable construction practice with reference to the Chinese construction industry. A case study approach is the major research method in this study. The research team collected 87 feasibility study reports from various projects. Attributes are used for measuring project performance, including 18 economic performance attributes, nine social performance attributes, and eight environmental performance attributes. Research results show that economic performance is given the most concern in the current practice of project feasibility study, whilst less attention is given to the social and environmental performance. The study reveals the insufficiency of examining the performance of implementing a construction project from the perspective of sustainable development. The results also suggest the need for shifting the traditional approach of project feasibility study to a new approach that embraces the principles of sustainable development.