大港地区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃分布及污染源识别的研究

多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类对人体危害较大的有机污染物。目前对大气环境中PAHs来源识别技术还处于探索与发展阶段。为了解天津大港油田地区大气环境中PAHs污染状况与来源,对天津市大港地区大气颗粒物中10种PAHs分布及污染源开展了调查。结果表明：大港地区10种PAHs总浓度平均为169ng/m3,比市区对照点的465ng/m³低63.7％,其中苯并（a）芘（BaP）平均浓度为13.6ng/m³,比市区对照点的41.1ng/m³低66.9％。实验结果经统计处理发现BaP浓度与其它9种PAHs浓度存在一定的相关性,相关系数均在0.60以上。利用比值法进行源识别得出：大港石化区PAHs主要来源为燃煤污染;而大港油田区PAHs主要来源为燃油污染。     

Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs

Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment. In this article, the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented. Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that ultrasound at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) methods. The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and power of 480 W. Under the condition, ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and intercellular enzymes. Ultrasound power was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration, suggesting that the control of power during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration. The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics.     

清水江流域环境保护污染治理经济效益分析

以《贵州省清水江流域环境保护规划(2013-2020年)》为例,分析清水江流域治理主要污染物的削减量和费用支出。从环境经济角度,通过费用-效益分析法以货币量化进行计算,流域治理能带来一定的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

黑河下游额济纳河流域生态环境现状及发展趋势

本文通过资料和监测数据阐述了2006—2011年黑河下游额济纳河流域生态环境现状及其变化趋势。土地覆盖监测数据结果表明,截至2011年额济纳河流域绿洲面积达3232km^2,水域湿地面积达118km^2,额济纳绿洲植被覆盖度总体呈增加趋势,局部地区增加显著,而个别地区植被呈缓慢退化。水资源调查数据说明。额济纳河流域绿洲的维持和恢复仍取决于黑河水的补给量,近几年黑河水在额济纳境内的进入量基本能维持额济纳现有绿洲规模。     

载体对镍基氨还原SO-2到元素硫催化剂性能的影响

用不同的载体（ＭｇＯ，α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４）制备了４种镍基催化剂并对它们进行了氨还原ＳＯ２到元素硫反应活性评价。活性评价结果表明，由不同的载体制备的催化剂对该反应ＳＯ２的转化率和生成元素硫产率大小的影响次序均为：ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＯ〉ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４〉ＮｉＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３〉ＮｉＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３；而对生成硫选择性大小的影响次序则为：ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＯ〉ＮｉＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３     

Characterizing the optimal operation of photocatalytic degradation of BDE-209 by nano-sized TiO2

Brominated flame retardants have been widely used in industry. There is a rapid growing public concern for their availabilities in the environment. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is a promising and efficient technology which may be used to remove emerging chemicals such as brominated flame retardants. This project aims at investigating optimal operational conditions for the removal of BDE-209 using nano-scaled titanium(IV) oxide. The residual PBDE congeners after photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 by TiO₂ were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the degradability of BDE-209 by TiO₂ was attributed to its photocatalytic activity but not the small size of the particles. The half-life of removing BDE-209 by TiO₂ was 3.05 days under visible light. Tetra- and penta-BDEs were the major degraded products of BDE-209. Optimum conditions for photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 was found to be at pH 12 (93% ± 1%), 5, 10, 20 mg/L (93.0% ± 1.70%, 91.6% ± 3.21%, 91.9% ± 0.952%, respectively), respectively of humic acid and in the form of anatase/rutile TiO₂ (82% ± 3%). Hence, the efficiency of removing BDE-209 can be maximized while being cost effective at the said operating conditions.     

中国城市垃圾典型可行焚烧技术的综合评价

中国城市垃圾处理的主要方式正在由卫生填埋向垃圾焚烧转变. 基于中国城市垃圾焚烧处置需求特征分析,建立了技术评价指标体系,采用层次分析法,从技术的可靠性、经济性和适用性三方面,对国内外现有4种主要城市垃圾焚烧技术进行了综合评价. 结果表明:流化床技术和层燃技术在技术成熟度、技术能力和二NFDA1英污染控制等方面相对可靠,适用于我国多数大城市的垃圾焚烧处置. 国产流化床焚烧技术更加适应当前国内垃圾分类水平较差的大部分城市;层状焚烧技术则比较适用于城市垃圾管理水平高、垃圾分类较好、热值较高、垃圾处置集中度高和规模较大的城市;旋转焚烧和热解焚烧技术则较适用于垃圾成分复杂、尺寸不均匀的小城镇、工业园区垃圾处置或医疗废物处置,但二者均需加强二NFDA1英排放控制.      

基于变异系数法的安徽省节能减排评价研究

以行政区域为单位进行节能减排评价研究,分析其中的影响因素,便于因地制宜地采取措施开展节能减排工作。本文以安徽省为研究对象,运用变异系数法对节能减排作评价研究。研究表明,节能减排总体成效显著,但减排问题突出,其中污染物排放与产业结构存在密切关系,进一步的关联分析得出影响减排的主要行业因素。据此,提出从调整产业结构、加强科技创新、完善法规政策方面推进节能减排。     

大空间建筑火灾中热烟气层发展规律的理论分析

对几类典型的大空间建筑火灾中热烟气层的发展规律进行了理论分析,并和文献中的实验结果进行了对比。理论分析表明热烟气层的发展速率除了与火源的功率和大空间的几何尺寸有关外,还取决于火羽流的种类。给出了轴对称火羽流、二维线性溢流和沿墙壁的二维线性火羽流情况下的热烟气层发展速率的表达式,对大空间建筑的火灾安全设计与灾害预测具有指导意义。     

植被混凝土无侧限抗压强度的室内试验初探

通过对植被混凝土室内试验结果的归纳和分析,研究了水泥掺入比、龄期和浸水条件对植被混凝土无侧限抗压强度的影响。