秦皇岛市空气质量分析与改善对策

秦皇岛市从1998年5月29日至1999年2月25日空气污染指数平均为84.92,首要污染物是总悬浮微粒(TSP),空气质量Ⅱ级,属良好范围,在北方城市中仅次于大连和烟台。影响秦皇岛市空气质量的不利因素有煤炭运输规模大、建筑工地及城市卫生管理不严、绿地分布不合理、集中供热规模偏小等。为此,应继续治理煤尘,实行热电连产,改进绿化,加强管理。     

中国废水排放量预测研究

文章在综合分析中国废水排放量影响因素的基础上,结合ARMA、多元线性回归方法构建了中国废水排放量预测模型,并对2013年-2015年中国废水排放量进行了预测,结果表明:2013年-2015年中国废水排放量将分别达到729.98亿吨、768.97亿吨、810.71亿吨;造纸印刷及文教用品制造业、化学工业等行业废水排放量及单位增加值废水排放量均较大,相关部门需对减排的各个过程进行规范和严格的监督。     

Transformation of erythromycin during secondary effluent soil aquifer recharging: Removal contribution and degradation path

Erythromycin (ERY), a widely used antibiotic, has recently been detected in municipal secondary effluents and poses serious threats to human health during wastewater reusing. In this study, the removal, fate, and degradation pathway of ERY in secondary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was evaluated via laboratory-scale SAT tests. Up to a 92.9% reduction of ERY in synthetic secondary effluent was observed in 1.0 m depth column system, which decreased to 64.7% when recharged with wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent. XRD-fractionation results demonstrated that the transphilic acid and hydrophobic acid fractions in secondary effluent compete for the adsorption sites of the packed soil and lead to a declined ERY removal. Moreover, aerobic biodegradation was the predominant role for ERY removal, contributing more than 60% reduction of ERY when recharged with synthetic secondary effluent. Destruction of 14-member macrocyclic lactone ring and breakdown of two cyclic sugars (l-cladinose and d-desosamine) were main removal pathways for ERY degradation, and produced six new intermediates.     

Methyl Orange removal by a novel PEI-AuNPs-hemin nanocomposite

A novel poly(ethyleneimine)/Au nanoparticles/hemin nanocomposite(PEI-AuNPs-Hemin)acting for Methyl Orange(MO) removal has been synthesized. PEI-AuNPs was prepared firstly and it was then linked to hemin through the coupling between carboxyl groups in hemin and amino groups in PEI without the activation of carboxyl groups. The high reactivity and stability of AuNPs contributed greatly in the formation of the amido bonds in the nanocomposite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin.Results show that PEI-AuNPs-Hemin has strong adsorption for MO. Adsorption and degradation experiments were carried out at different p Hs, nanocomposite concentrations and UV irradiation times. Removal of MO in acidic solutions was more effective than in basic solutions. The real-time study showed that the MO degradation with the nanocomposite under UV irradiation was a fast process. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was proposed. The study suggests that the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin may have promising applications in environmental monitoring and protection.     

太湖流域水生生物水质基准推导的物种选择

水生生物水质基准是水质基准体系的重要组成部分。由于不同地区的生态体系存在差异,所需要推导的水质基准也存在不同。目前太湖流域的水质基准研究刚刚起步,国内外制订的水质标准并不能代表太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征。因此,开展基于太湖流域的水生生物和环境特征的水质基准研究,对于太湖流域的水环境保护和水质管理具有重要的作用和意义。在水生生物水质基准的物种选择方面,选择了两种鱼类、两种浮游动物、3种底栖动物以及一种水生植物或浮游藻类,可以全面的代表太湖流域的水生态结构和营养等级。     

氢氧化钙除河道水中磷的试验研究

用氢氧化钙去除河道水的总磷。结果表明：在先1分钟300r／min快速搅拌,后5分钟40r／min搅拌的条件下,直接投加1250mg·L^-1。氢氧化钙时,出水总磷为0．046mg·L^-1,可达到《景观娱乐用水标准》（GB12941—91）中C类标准（11P≤0．05mg·L^-1）和《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）中II类标准（TP≤0．1mg·L^-1）;在同样的反应条件下,预先调节水样pH至10,投加量达到3250mg·L^-1时,出水总磷达0．068mg·L^-1。该药剂对COD和浊度均有良好的去除效果,但对氨氮的去除效果不明显。     

村镇生活污水强化混凝处理实验研究

采用聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁及阳离子型高分子絮凝剂对村镇生活污水单独处理的效果进行比较,应用正交实验方法探讨了前述絮凝剂复合使用效果。结果表明,在pH为10、PAN投药量1ml／L、混凝时间2min、搅拌转速240r／min,以及絮凝时间10min、搅拌转速120r／min时,试验污水中污染物浊度、COD、SS、NH4^＋—N的去除率分别为99．63％、84．59％、64．59％及49．52％,出水水质达到了国家农田灌溉标准（GB5084—92）,可用于农田灌溉,实现污水资源化。     

A land use regression for predicting NO2 and PM10 concentrations in different seasons in Tianjin region,China

Land use regression (LUR) model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season (R2 = 0.74), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.61) in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season (R2 = 0.72), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.49). Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations (resolution is 10 km). Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 (NO2, heating season), 0.035 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.068 (PM10, heating season), and 0.092 (PM10, non-heating season) in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 (NO2, heating season), 0.043 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.087 (PM10, heating season), and 0.096 (PM10, non-heating season). These intercept values might imply an area’s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. R2 values increased 0.09 (heating season) and 0.18 (non-heating season) for NO2, and 0.08 (heating season) and 0.04 (non-heating season) for PM10. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more effectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NO2 compared with PM10.     

浅析化工企业环境风险评价

化工企业的许多产品、中间体、原料大都属于易燃、易爆或有毒的危险品,同时由于风险事故本身的不确定性,项目的环境风险定量分析难度很大。因此,化工企业环境风险评价已经成为中国建设项目环境影响评价工作中的重点及难点。笔者结合工作实践,对化工项目环境风险评价中风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险评价及风险管理等方面的评价方法进行了探讨。     

生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

介绍了近年来生物絮凝剂的研究和应用现状,详细总结了几种生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,并对生物絮凝剂的分类进行了阐述,列举了生物絮凝剂的应用情况,文中还提到了近年来的研究新进展,特别是提到了复合型生物絮凝剂的研制情况,最后文章对未来生物絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了叙述.