普光气田含硫污水尾气处理工艺应用与优化

针对中国石化普光气田产出水属于典型的含硫污水,密闭处理系统中产生大量高含硫尾气,论述了尾气处理工艺中存在的问题,优化了单一的生物除硫、活性炭吸附工艺,增加了一级碱洗、氧化除硫工艺,实现尾气达标排放。     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

低温等离子体协同处理Hg~0、NO_x、SO_2的机理研究

低温等离子污染物处理技术具有工艺简单、可协同控制多种污染物、占地面积小等特点,是目前在污染物控制技术领域的研究热点。主要介绍气体放电产生低温等离子体去除污染物过程中存在的O2、CO2气体对污染物去除效率的影响、NO x和SO2对Hg去除效率的影响和加入H2O、NH3、HCl对污染物去除效率的影响研究。     

多哈气候会议结果分析

本文总结和分析了多哈气候会议的谈判热点和成果,特别介绍涵盖2013至2020年的《京都议定书》第二承诺期的要点;展望了计划于2015年达成新的有法律效力的全面的国际气候协议。     

Effect of reclaimed water effluent on bacterial community structure in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil of urbanized riverside wetland, China

In order to evaluate the impact of reclaimed water on the ecology of bacterial communities in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil,bacterial community structure was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S rRNA gene clone library. The results revealed significant spatial variation of bacterial communities along the river from upstream and downstream. For example,a higher relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi and a lower proportion ofβ-Proteobacteria and ε-Proteobacteria was detected at the downstream site compared to the upstream site. Additionally,with an increase of the reclaimed water interference intensity,the rhizosphere bacterial community showed a decrease in taxon richness,evenness and diversity. The relative abundance of bacteria closely related to the resistant of heavy-metal was markedly increased,while the bacteria related for carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus/sulfur cycling wasn't strikingly changed. Besides that,the pathogenic bacteria markedly increased in the downstream rhizosphere soil since reclaimed water supplement,while the possible plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria obviously reduced in the downstream sediment.Together these data suggest cause and effect between reclaimed water input into the wetland,shift in bacterial communities through habitat change,and alteration of capacity for biogeochemical cycling of contaminants.     

Applying a new method for direct collection,volume quantification and determination of N2 emission from water

The emission of N2 is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al.(2013) developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas samples from waters. However, the determination accuracy of sampling volume and gas component concentration was still debatable. In this study, the method was optimized for in situ sampling, accurate volume measurement and direct injection to a gas chromatograph for the analysis of N2 and other gases. By the optimized new method, the recovery rate for N2 was 100.28% on average; the mean coefficient of determination(R2) was 0.9997; the limit of detection was 0.02%. We further assessed the effects of the new method, bottle full of water, vs. vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods, on variations of N2 concentration as influenced by sample storage times of 1,2, 3, 5, and 7 days at constant temperature of 15°C, using indices of averaged relative peak area(%) in comparison with the averaged relative peak area of each method at 0 day.The indices of the bottle full of water method were the lowest(99.5%–108.5%) compared to the indices of vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods(119%–217%). Meanwhile, the gas chromatograph determination of other gas components(O2, CH4, and N2O) was also accurate. The new method was an alternative way to investigate N2 released from various kinds of aquatic ecosystems.     

个体防护装备环境适应性技术研究

本文目的建立个体防护装备环境适应性评价技术,为个体防护装备质量管理提供技术支持.通过分析研究国内外装备环境适应性设计要求,从装备环境工程的角度出发结合个体防护装备特点进行全面的分析设计.提出了个体防护装备的环境适应性管理、设计、实验及评价等技术方案,给出了一般个体防护装备实验室试验项目及顺序.得出环境适应性是个体防护装备重要的质量特性之一,要进一步提高个体防护装备的环境适应性技术,适应个体防护装备的发展.     

粉煤灰、炉渣提高生物反应器垃圾处理性能研究

通过粉煤灰、炉渣和生活垃圾共置处理,研究粉煤灰、炉渣提高生物反应器垃圾处理性能的机理和效果。结果表明:粉煤灰、炉渣可以有效去除重金属离子,调节反应器内pH,使渗滤液停留时间延长4倍～5倍,产气量提高5.9倍～7.8倍,甲烷含量可提高2倍以上,共置处理效果显著好于生活垃圾单一处理。     

硫酸根对有机废水厌氧生物处理的影响

利用连续流上流式厌氧污泥床在控制和不控制H_2S浓度两种情况下,考察SO_4~(2-)对有机物厌氧生物处理的影响。试验表明,硫酸根本身对厌氧处理没有毒害作用,它对厌氧处理过程的破坏主要是其还原产物H_2S造成的。在用Fe~(2+)控制H_2S的情况下,硫酸根的存在和浓度大小对出水TOC、TOC去除率、产气量、气化率无不利影响,但会使气体中甲烷含量及甲烷产率逐渐减小而二氧化碳含量及二氧化碳产率逐渐增大,     

湖泊水质参数空间最优估计精度分析

在湖泊研究中,往往要了解污染的空间分布状况,其核心是空间最优估计问题.本文在阐述了克立格方差特点的基础上,以太湖为例,对湖泊水质参数空间最优估计的精度问题进行了分析.结果显示,估计精度受变差函数、各采样点的空间配置关系等因素的影响.空间结构直接决定着估计精度的大小,而与各信息采样点的值的大小无关.