Health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate contamination: a case study of a typical karst hydrogeological unit in East China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrate pollution in rivers, lakes, shallow groundwater, and even deep groundwater occurs in many parts of the world. And, it’s essential to...     

Characterizing vulnerability to water scarcity: The case of a groundwater-dependent, rapidly urbanizing region

Groundwater overdraft is a resource management issue that poses a threat for the security of communities. Impacts of groundwater overdraft are influenced by the biophysical and social contexts of water management. This paper presents a method for assessing vulnerability to water scarcity in spatial terms using biophysical and social indicators. A geographic information system was used to establish areas of vulnerability based upon hydrologic variability in water resource availability within a groundwater basin, three types of water management systems, and 10 sociodemographic characteristics. Our study area is in the rapidly urbanizing Arizona Central Highlands, located 150 km north of the Phoenix metropolitan region, USA. Results indicate that the most biophysically vulnerable places do not necessarily intersect with the most vulnerable populations and that local differences in vulnerability are interrelated, rather than independent, outcomes in a process of socioenvironmental transformation. Vulnerability is influenced by laws that deny access to local surface waters and lead to dependence on fossil groundwater, and by economic reliance on urbanization. Localities attempt to reduce vulnerability through the development of community water systems and the expansion of water frontiers. While such strategies may reduce local vulnerability, they are not sustainable solutions because they transfer risks to other places, and thus contribute to vulnerability elsewhere.     

采煤塌陷区重金属污染水体修复技术探讨及展望——以唐山市南湖公园为例

以唐山南湖公园为例综述了采煤塌陷区水体重金属污染的来源、危害及修复技术,详细介绍植物修复技术,总结了采煤塌陷区重金属污染水体修复技术的发展趋势和方向.     

司法中的生态安全考量——兼论生态安全立法存在的问题

本文以一起典型的生态侵权案件为例，讨论了司法实践中如何将生态安全纳入利益衡量的范围问题。提出了根据宪法保护生态环境的精神，运用诚信原则，将生态安全考虑贯穿于案件事实的认定与法律适用全过程的方式与方法，为妥善解决纠纷提供了可供操作的思路，同时也分析了现行法律对于生态安全保护的不足。     

2006年全球巨灾事件回顾与启示

本文主要介绍了2006年全球十大巨灾事件,简要分析了巨灾原因,总结归纳了去年国内灾害的四大特点,最后从灾前、灾中和灾后的应急响应过程的角度比较详细地阐述了由分析巨灾事件得出的三点启示,指出了政府应急管理的根本之道.     

应对不确定性:呼吁建立新的科学政策论坛

科学界和政策界具有不同的目标,这就自然导致了对构成某种变化或现象的"检验"标准的差异,以及用不同的方法去描述不确定性和风险的持性及传达不确定性和风险.这些差异可能损害科学家、决策者和公众之间的有效沟通,同时也限制了科学家所愿意研究的社会紧迫问题的类型.本文主要回顾了一系列处理不确定性问题的方法,阐述了当科学和政策不能很好协调时所可能引起的一些错误.并在此基础上,特别针对解决不确定性问题提出了一些具体建议,包括重构科学规范,建立由科学、政策两方面领导广泛参加的科学政策论坛.     

间歇曝气SBR工艺脱氮除磷试验研究

采用间歇曝气序批式反应器(SBR)工艺,通过曝气时间、交替次数的调整对该系统的脱氮除磷效果进行了研究,最终将工艺确定为厌氧1.5 h、好氧1.0 h、缺氧1.0 h、好氧20 min、缺氧1.0 h、好氧20 min.同时进行批式试验,对不同阶段的反硝化除磷菌(DPAOs)占除磷菌(PAOs)的比例进行了计算.结果表明:该系统与最初的厌氧/好氧SBR相比节省了44%的曝气量,且对COD、总氮、氨氮和磷的去除率分别达88%、89%、100%和100%,系统中DPAOs所占比例为39%.     

Coping with uncertainty: a call for a new science-policy forum

The scientific and policy worlds have different goals, which can lead to different standards for what constitutes "proof" of a change or phenomena, and different approaches for characterizing and conveying uncertainty and risk. These differences can compromise effective communication among scientists, policymakers, and the public, and constrain the types of socially compelling questions scientists are willing to address. In this paper, we review a set of approaches for dealing with uncertainty, and illustrate some of the errors that arise when science and policy fail to coordinate correctly. We offer a set of recommendations, including restructuring of science curricula and establishment of science-policy forums populated by leaders in both arenas, and specifically constituted to address problems of uncertainty.     

新型非焚烧医疗废物处置技术:脉动高压蒸汽灭菌-破碎

本文介绍了高压蒸汽灭菌结合破碎的医疗废物处置技术的原理、技术特点以及处置过程中排放的废气废水的处理方法。从节能环保和经济可靠的角度，对高压蒸汽灭菌处置技术与焚烧技术进行了比较，结果表明高压蒸汽灭菌-破碎的医疗废物处置技术可以避免传统焚烧技术由于设计、操作等问题所引起的二噁[口英]二次污染等问题，无论是设备本身还是运行维护费用均要低于焚烧技术：其更加适合我国相对小规模的医疗废物的处理。     

扎龙湿地水环境质量分析与净化率研究

扎龙湿地是我国第一个以鹤类等大型水禽为主体的湿地生态型国家级自然保护区.它具有宝贵的动植物资源,对生态环境起着重要的调节作用.本文以扎龙湿地水环境为切入点,通过实测数据分析了扎龙湿地的水质状况并对影响因素进行了分析,同时对扎龙湿地的净化水质功能进行了研究.这对于改善湿地水环境,更好地维持湿地生物多样性,维护流域的生态安全和生产生活活动都具有重要意义.