Effects of acid rain on growth and nutrient concentrations in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings grown in a nutrient-rich soil

The effects of artificially applied acid precipitation on growth and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) seedlings were investigated in a long-term acid irrigation experiment in field conditions. Seedlings of northern and southern origin were planted in boxes containing peat and composted soil rich in nutrients, and sprinkler irrigated with water acidified with nitric and sulphuric acids to pH 3 or pH 4 for periods varying from two to three and a half growing seasons during 1986-1989. Water irrigated (pH 5.4-7.6) and non-irrigated groups of seedlings were also included in the experiment. At the end of the experiment needles, main and lateral shoots and roots were collected from the seedlings for the determination of height growth and biomass partitioning, and for the analysis of S, N, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn and Fe concentrations. The treatment effects compared to the irrigated control were studied using multivariate analyses of variance and covariance. In the pine seedlings the total dry matter production increased by 25-70% compared with the irrigated controls when the total wet deposition to the seedlings exceeded 67 kg S ha(-1) and 36 kg N ha(-1) (e.g. after two growing seasons' exposure of the pH 3 treatment). The increase was mainly due to an increase in needle dry weight (54-72% greater at pH 3) and root weight (20-65% greater at pH 3), whereas the height growth or shoot weight growth were less affected. The northern provenance pine seedlings responded more clearly to the pH 3 irrigation than the southern ones. The treatments had no consistent effects on any of the growth variables studied in the spruce seedlings, however. The pines had higher root and foliage Ca concentrations as a result of the acid irrigation, whereas in spruce, acid rain decreased the Ca concentration in needles and shoots. Root Mn and Fe concentrations were higher in both species as a result of the pH 3 treatment. A higher soil conductivity and Ca concentration resulted from the prolonged pH 3 treatment. The results strongly support the hypothesis that the long-term growth and nutrient allocation response of conifers to acid precipitation is dependent both on the tree species and on the nutritional status of the soil.     

上海市电动自行车废铅酸电池现状分析及管理对策

分析了上海市电动自行车废铅酸电池产生、回收、处置的现状。阐述了废铅酸电池因不规范回收处置而对环境造成的污染。从产生、处置及管理等方面指出了电动自行车废铅酸电池收集利用体系中存在的问题。提出了上海市管理废铅酸电池的对策、建议。     

利用铕的氧化态作为氧逸度的一种指示剂

由于大部份三价稀土元素具有类似的、规律变化的电子性质,它们在自然界构成一个相互密切关联的地球化学元素族。但在一定的物理条件下,某些稀土元素却显示特异的行为,因为这些稀土元素在非3+价态下具有有重要意义的稳定性。铕的这种特异行为最为显著,在岩浆的氧化还原条件下,其二     

有害气体监测报警仪——一种从国外引进并返销国外的装置

上海电光器件厂从美国引进专利技术生产的一系列有害气体监测报警仪,能分别监测空气中CO、H_2S、SO_2、NO、NO_2、Cl_2、HCl、HCN等有害气体的污染情况,其最小检测度可达0.01ppm,最大测量量程可达3000ppm。可分别适用于大气、车间环境监测、作业场所人身安全防护、污染源调查等项工作。机内装有声、光报警装置,可任意设置报警点,达到按需报警的目的。考虑到不同的使用场所,系列产品中既有体积小(165mm×76mm×51mm)重量轻(680g)能随身携带巡回监测的小型便携式     

用与电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱结合的计算机控制扫描单色仪测定地球化学和环境样品中的50种元素

<正> 在过去的年代里,矿石、矿物、土壤、沉积物、灰份以及玻璃、颜料等制造品中的主量、少量、甚至痕量元素的测定都是用经典重量法、滴定法和分光光度法完成的。近几十年来,经典方法已经大量地被X-射线萤光、原子吸收光谱电弧发射光谱和质子诱发的X-射线分析等多种仪器方法所代替。     

与橄榄岩矿物平衡的流体:地幔交代作用的含意

<正> 金云母橄榄岩实验1.实验结果表3列出了金云母橄榄岩组合的实验结果。这些实验是在1080—1100℃下进行的,这一温度正好在所研究的岩石组合的熔融温度之下。与金云母-顽火辉石-镁橄榄石平衡的流     

西澳大利亚博丁顿金矿床红土剖面的地球化学模式

<正> 在产有红土和铝土质红土的那些地体中,红土和铝土质红土形成了分布很广的、在很大程度上覆盖着基岩的盖层。但是意外的是,在已发表的有关勘探的文献中,将红土剖面成分与基岩成分进行对比以便确定红土可反映矿化的文章却不多。许多文章报道了地表红土在找矿中的应用(例如,Mazzucchelli和James,1966;Blain和Andrew,1977;Smith和Perdrx,1983),但是涉及红土剖面研究的那些文章主要     

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of diene modified analogs of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Matsucoccus</Emphasis> sex pheromones

The biological activity of the Matsucoccus spp. sex pheromones and diene modified analogs has been tested in forests of Israel and Portugal in order to explore the structure-activity relationship of the pine bast scale pheromone/kairomone system. The response of the adult predatory bugs, Elatophilus hebraicus and E. crassicornis and of the brown lacewing, Hemerobius stigma is more selective than that of the conspecific Matsucoccus males. The removal of the terminal methyl group from the diene terminus of both pheromones 1 and 2 eliminates all kairomonal activity but retains moderate pheromonal activity. Addition of a methyl group to the diene terminus of pheromones 1 and 2 sustains full pheromonal and kairomonal activities of the Elatophilus spp. but eliminates entirely the kairomonal activity of H. stigma. Subtle designed alterations in the structure of the diene group, typical of all Matsucoccus pheromones, change the mode of the kairomonal activity markedly.     

蛇绿岩杂岩中的含金滑石菱镁片岩(碳酸盐化超镁铁岩)

为了阐明金矿化与蛇绿岩杂岩中地幔橄榄岩的共生关系,对三个地区(利古里亚、摩洛哥、沙特阿拉伯)产出的滑石菱镁片岩(碳酸盐化超镁铁岩)进行评述。滑石菱镁片岩的金含量一般是伴生超镁铁岩(5 ppb Au)的5—20倍,虽然也发育有含金量为1—10ppm的富金带。较高的金含量与硫化物或钴砷化物的矿化有关,或者与晚期含黄铁矿或毒砂的石英脉有关。与蛇纹岩的形成一样,形成滑石菱镁片岩的超镁铁岩碳酸盐化作用,似乎是在中温条件下(150—300℃)Na、Cl卤水的热液蚀变结果,这些卤水起源于地幔物质与海水的相互作用。金是从蛇纹石化超镁铁岩的不透明矿物中析出的。在热液系统演化过程中,金随富含CO_2、S、As、Cl、Na、K和B的流体沿构造接触带迁移,当该流体运移到还原和碱性环境时,金与石英,硫化物和砷化物一起沉淀。因此,滑石菱镁片岩应成为金矿勘探的新目标。     

过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光度法测定水中总氮空白用水的选择

经实验证明，用过硫酸钾氧化——紫外分光光度法测定水样中的总氮，用重蒸馏无氨水、新鲜一次蒸馏水、去离子水测得空白值均符合试验要求，实验者可根据实验室条件选择空白用水，方便实验。同时本文对标准样品进行分析，结果理想。