选择性非催化还原法烟气脱硝工业试验

以氨水作为还原剂，在日产5kt的新型干法水泥生产线分解炉上进行选择性非催化还原脱硝工艺的工业性试验研究。在氨水质量分数为13.0%、喷入点温度为894℃、n（NH₃）∶n（NO_x）为1.2、雾化压力为0.35MPa的条件下，NO_x去除率最高，为72.8%，剩余NO_x质量浓度为196mg/m³，剩余NH₃质量浓度小于0.9mg/m³，远低于《水泥工业大气污染物排放标准》征求意见稿中限定的NO_x和NH₃质量浓度。     

A case study predicting environmental impacts of urban transport planning in China

Predicting environmental impacts is essential when performing an environmental assessment on urban transport planning. System dynamics (SD) is usually used to solve complex nonlinear problems. In this study, we utilized system dynamics (SD) to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with urban transport planning in Jilin City, China with respect to the local economy, society, transport, the environment and resources. To accomplish this, we generated simulation models comprising interrelated subsystems designed to utilize changes in the economy, society, road construction, changes in the number of vehicles, the capacity of the road network capacity, nitrogen oxides emission, traffic noise, land used for road construction and fuel consumption associated with traffic to estimate dynamic trends in the environmental impacts associated with Jilin's transport planning. Two simulation scenarios were then analyzed comparatively. The results of this study indicated that implementation of Jilin transport planning would improve the current urban traffic conditions and boost the local economy and development while benefiting the environment in Jilin City. In addition, comparative analysis of the two scenarios provided additional information that can be used to aid in scientific decision-making regarding which aspects of the transport planning to implement in Jilin City. This study demonstrates that our application of the SD method, which is referred to as the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), is feasible for use in urban transport planning.     

加油站地下储油罐压力管理系统的相关研究

在当前普遍采用的加油站真空辅助式第二阶段油气回收系统中，为了避免回收到地下储油罐中的油气再次通过P/V阀排空，必须对其中气相空间的压力实施有效控制。从国外的发展情况来看，地下储油罐的压力管理系统主要分为基于膜分离技术、基于弹性气囊和基于活性炭吸附三大类，其中膜法油气回收装置在国内已经得到了较多关注。首次系统介绍了气囊式压力管理系统的工作原理及其主要结构设计，具体包括管线布局、钢制压力容器壳体、位于容器顶部封头上的接口组件和全部位于容器内的气囊等；同时对另外一种可行方案进行了分析。     

基于可拓学石化装置失效后果严重度评估方法研究

石化企业中，石化装置的安全运行对保证企业的安全生产起到关键作用，其一旦失效发生事故，将导致巨大的人员伤亡及财产损失。因此，开展石化装置失效后果严重性的评价研究，对保证石化企业的安全生产具有重要意义。本文根据物元可拓性理论，结合石化装置失效后果的严重性情况，运用可拓评判方法建立石化装置失效后果严重度的综合评判模型，给出了评价步骤，最终确定设备失效后果的严重程度。研究结果表明，该方法可应用于多层次的工程风险评价问题，从而为石化工程项目风险管理提供了一种有效的分析方法。     

Occurrence, sources, and inventory of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in soils from Chongming Island, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD)

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) is a concern due to their large usage combining with physico-chemical properties and toxicity to wildlife and human. However, very limited data were reported on HBCDs in soils, especially from rural area. In this study, 22 soil samples were collected from Chongming Island at estuary of the Yangtze River Delta, to investigate the level, diasteroisomer profile, potential sources, and mass inventory of HBCDs. The total concentrations ranged from not detected to 93.8 pg g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) with a mean of 23.3 pg g⁻¹ dw, which was at the low end of the global levels. The wide distribution of HBCDs in soils suggested that the local emissions of HBCD-containing materials and/or the inputs via atmospheric transport from other regions were two possible sources. Variation of HBCDs levels was observed in different types of soils. Woodland, tideland and road soils contained slightly higher HBCDs than those of farmland and grassland. Overall, γ-HBCD was the dominant diasteroisomer in soils, followed by α-HBCD and β-HBCD. Significant but weak correlations were only found between α-HBCD and β-HBCD versus TOC content in soils. Currently, the mass inventory of HBCDs in soils of Chongming Island was 5.3 kg. Based on these data, we gave perspective on human intake of HBCDs via soil ingestion by age. Local resident’s intakes ranged from 15.5 to 97.8 fg kg body weight⁻¹ d⁻¹, in which children are exposed more than adults.     

Optimization of circular plate separators with cross flow for removal of oil droplets and solid particles

A circular gravity-phase separator using coalescing medium with cross flow was developed to remove oil and suspended solids from wastewaters. Coalescence medium in the form of inclined plates promotes rising of oil droplets through coalescence and settling of solid particles through coagulation. It exhibits 22.67% higher removal of total suspended solids (TSS) compared to separators without coalescing medium. Moreover, it removed more than 70% of oil compared to conventional American Petroleum Institute separators, which exhibit an average of 33% oil removal. The flowrate required to attain an effluent oil concentration of 10 mg/L (Q(o10)) at different influent oil concentrations (C(io)) can be represented by Q(o10) x 10(-5) = -0.0012C(io) + 0.352. The flowrate required to attain an effluent TSS concentration of 50 mg/L (Q(ss50)) at different influent TSS concentrations (C(iss)) can be represented by Q(ss50) x 10(-5) = 1.0 x 10(6) C(iss)(-2.9576). The smallest removable solid particle size was 4.87 microm.     

An integrated approach to model the biomagnification of organic pollutants in aquatic food webs of the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir ecosystem using adapted pollution scenarios

The impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) at the Yangtze River caused large flooding of urban, industrial, and agricultural areas, and profound land use changes took place. Consequently, substantial amounts of organic and inorganic pollutants were released into the reservoir. Additionally, contaminants and nutrients are entering the reservoir by drift, drainage, and runoff from adjacent agricultural areas as well as from sewage of industry, aquacultures, and households. The main aim of the presented research project is a deeper understanding of the processes that determines the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of organic pollutants, i.e., mainly pesticides, in aquatic food webs under the newly developing conditions of the TGR. The project is part of the Yangtze-Hydro environmental program, financed by the German Ministry of Education and Science. In order to test combinations of environmental factors like nutrients and pollution, we use an integrated modeling approach to study the potential accumulation and biomagnification. We describe the integrative modeling approach and the consecutive adaption of the AQUATOX model, used as modeling framework for ecological risk assessment. As a starting point, pre-calibrated simulations were adapted to Yangtze-specific conditions (regionalization). Two exemplary food webs were developed by a thorough review of the pertinent literature. The first typical for the flowing conditions of the original Yangtze River and the Daning River near the city of Wushan, and the second for the stagnant reservoir characteristics of the aforementioned region that is marked by an intermediate between lake and large river communities of aquatic organisms. In close cooperation with German and Chinese partners of the Yangtze-Hydro Research Association, other site-specific parameters were estimated. The MINIBAT project contributed to the calibration of physicochemical and bathymetric parameters, and the TRANSMIC project delivered hydrodynamic models for water volume and flow velocity conditions. The research questions were firstly focused on the definition of scenarios that could depict representative situations regarding food webs, pollution, and flow conditions in the TGR. The food webs and the abiotic site conditions in the main study area near the city of Wushan that determine the environmental preconditions for the organisms were defined. In our conceptual approach, we used the pesticide propanil as a model substance.     

不同流量分配比对多级A/O工艺去除有机物及脱氮的影响

采用三级A/O工艺分段进水工艺处理低碳源生活污水,考察了进水流量分配比对系统去除有机物、硝化反硝化能力以及去除TN的影响。通过对水质指标沿程监测结果表明,不同流量分配比(4∶3∶3,5∶3∶2,6∶3∶1)对系统去除有机物及硝化效率影响不大,出水COD、氨氮分别均在30 mg/L、1 mg/L以下。但反硝化效果受流量分配比的影响较大,在流量比为5∶3∶2时,有效利用原水中碳源进行反硝化,反硝化效果最好。在流量比为5∶3∶2的情况下,TN出水为5.7 mg/L去除率为82.9%,优于流量分配比为6∶3∶1和4∶3∶3时的脱氮效果。总体而言,分段进水工艺在对碳源的有效利用及能耗节省方面优于单点进水。     

TiO_2对几种农药在土壤中光降解的催化作用

以太阳光为光源,研究了TiO2添加量、土壤厚度对毒死蜱、苯线磷、克百威、多菌灵在土壤中光催化降解的影响,并分析了毒死蜱、苯线磷初始浓度对其光催化降解的影响。结果表明,这4种农药的光降解均符合准一级动力学方程,随着TiO2添加量从0mg/kg增加到200mg/kg,光催化降解一级动力学常数逐渐增加。这4种农药在不同厚度含有TiO2的土壤中的光催化降解率不同;在土壤厚度较大的情况下,相应的半衰期也较长;在土壤中添加毒死蜱、苯线磷浓度相对较低的情况下,其对应的光催化降解较快。