厌氧氨氧化理论与工艺研究进展

氨的厌氧氧化(ANAMMOX)是一种新型生物脱氮技术。它是指在厌氧条件下,通过特定的兼性和专性厌氧自养细菌的作用,将NH4+-N和NO2--N反应转化为N2的过程。ANAMMOX工艺与现有工艺相比有明显的优越性。回顾了厌氧氨氧化现象的发现过程,介绍了近年来厌氧氨氧化理论和可行工艺的研究进展,指出该工艺存在的问题和今后研究方向。     

Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior

Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.     

Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigation in different matrices has been reported largely, whereas reports on snow samples were limited. Snow, as the main matrix in the polar region, has an important study meaning. PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic, as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs. Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride, then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo(a)pyrene. Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them. Three factors (Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene) accounted for 60.57%, 21.61% and 9.80%, respectively. The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation, and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula. The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones. The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.     

A kinetic model of Ti（IV）-catalyzed H2O2/O3 process in aqueous solution

A kinetic model for the Ti(IV)-catalyzed H₂O₂/O₃ process was established, and the experimental results demonstrated that the model could well describe this ozone-based oxidative system mathematically and chemically.     

型煤产业发展与提高

本文论述发展工业型煤产业的重要意义和技术质量保证,洁净煤技术是控制污染和节约能源,提高煤炭资源利用率的重要技术项目,将粉煤生产成型煤,为工业、民用提供洁净的燃料,既充分利用煤炭资源同时改善能源结构,又有显著的环保效益,国家把煤炭产业列入中国洁净煤技术有限发展项目,目前制约型煤产业的发展要造气型和燃烧型煤并举,同时有利于用户的节能效益。     

城市非点源污染研究进展

伴随着城市化的快速推进,非点源污染已成为城市污染的又一重大污染源,对其进行研究有着重要意义。文章从城市非点源污染的研究方法、研究手段、目前国内外城市非点源的研究进展、城市非点源污染管理和控制措施等方面进行了综述,最后提出了存在的问题和研究展望。     

乌鲁木齐市环境与经济协调发展评价研究

摘要：文章选取了乌鲁木齐市环境与经济相关的18个指标,建立了环境与经济协调发展指标体系。并运用协调发展评价模型对乌鲁木齐2006～2009年的环境与经济协调发展关系进行了初步研究。结果表明：乌鲁木齐市这几年的环境与经济协调’关系优良。     

锡林郭勒草原荒漠化气候因素分析

利用1961-2006年锡林郭勒草原年、季、月降水量、平均气温、沙尘暴日数等气象资料,针对锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的现状进行分析。在气候变暖背景下,研究锡林郭勒草原干旱发生的规律及其成因,分析其带给锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的影响,得到以下结论：1．锡林郭勒草原沙化、荒漠化严重,沙化面积位居内蒙古自治区第一,荒漠化面积位居内蒙古自治区第二。2．锡林郭勒草原春夏季降水趋势存在准25a气候振动,年代际变化特征比较突出。干旱发生的频率较高。3．气候变暖给锡林郭勒草原干旱带来较大的影响。4．沙尘暴频发与干旱相互影响,同时对锡林郭勒草原草场生态资源产生一定的影响。5．生态环境恶化,导致大面积土地资源和生物资源丧失。恶化的生态环境已经影响到了锡林郭勒草原社会经济的发展。     

牡丹江流域农业面源污染特征及防治对策研究

牡丹江流域农业面源污染的贡献值大于点源污染。农业面源污染的主要来源中,农田化肥的污染贡献最大,其次是畜禽粪便、生活污水、生活垃圾。区域污染贡献比例中,COD贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、牡丹江市、林口县、海林市。NH3-N、TN、TP贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、林口县、海林市、牡丹江市。结合牡丹江流域农业面源污染的构成特点和现存问题,提出切实可行的农业面源污染防治对策。