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51.
Parolini Marco Sturini Michela Maraschi Federica Profumo Antonella Costanzo Alessandra Caprioli Manuela Rubolini Diego Ambrosini Roberto Canova Luca 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15828-15837
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace elements are widespread contaminants that can potentially threaten ecosystems and human health. Considering their distribution and toxicity,... 相似文献
52.
de Abreu Claudia B. de O. Ribeiro Marcos Pinho Cyndi S. Carneiro Candice N. de Azevedo Neto André D. de Souza Manuela O. de S. Dias Fabio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(5):5598-5608
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work aimed to analyze the mineral nutrition of Physalis angulata L. under stress by aluminum in the nutrient solution. The treatments... 相似文献
53.
54.
Mercury policy and regulations for coal-fired power plants 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Rallo M Lopez-Anton MA Contreras ML Maroto-Valer MM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):1084-1096
Introduction
Mercury is a high-priority regulatory concern because of its persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment and evidence of its having serious adverse effects on the neurological development of children. 相似文献55.
Giuseppe Curcurù Giacomo Maria Galante Concetta Manuela La Fata 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(4):667-676
Process plants may be subjected to dangerous events. Different methodologies are nowadays employed to identify failure events, that can lead to severe accidents, and to assess the relative probability of occurrence. As for rare events reliability data are generally poor, leading to a partial or incomplete knowledge of the process, the classical probabilistic approach can not be successfully used. Such an uncertainty, called epistemic uncertainty, can be treated by means of different methodologies, alternative to the probabilistic one. In this work, the Evidence Theory or Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) is proposed to deal with this kind of uncertainty. In particular, the classical Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is considered when input data are supplied by experts in an interval form. The practical problem of information acquisition from experts is discussed and two realistic scenarios are proposed. A methodology to propagate such an uncertainty through the fault tree up to the Top Event (TE) and to determine the belief measures is supplied. The analysis is illustrated by means of two simple series/parallel systems. An application to a real industrial safety system is finally performed and discussed. 相似文献
56.
Isabel Afán Joan Navarro Laura Cardador Francisco Ramírez Akiko Kato Beneharo Rodríguez Yan Ropert-Coudert Manuela G. Forero 《Marine Biology》2014,161(3):657-668
As central-place foragers, pelagic seabirds are constrained by spatiotemporal heterogeneity to find productive marine areas and compete for prey. We analysed 97 foraging trips to study the movement and oceanographic characteristics of foraging habitats of two different—yet closely related—species of shearwaters (Scopoli’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea and Cory’s shearwater C. borealis) breeding in sympatry in the Mediterranean. We combined various methodological approaches (GPS-tracking, species distribution modelling and stable isotope analysis) to explore the foraging strategies of these two species. Isotopic results suggested that trophic habits of both shearwater species were similar, mainly based on pelagic fish consumption. Foraging areas of both species were characterized by shallow waters near the colony. Both shearwater species exploited persistent productive marine areas. The foraging areas of the two species broadly overlapped during the incubation period, but during chick-rearing period, Scopoli’s shearwaters apparently foraged in different areas than Cory’s shearwaters. 相似文献
57.
José L. Tella Manuela G. Forero José A. Donázar Juan J. Negro Fernando Hiraldo 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,40(4):253-260
We examined the causes, costs and benefits of adoption in the altricial lesser kestrel Falco naumanni. Specifically, we tested the intergenerational conflict hypothesis, proposed to explain adoption in some birds. Adoptions
involved 76% of the nests and 51% of the nestlings at a mean age of 25 days (12 days before fledging). Nest-switching nestlings
were not in poorer body condition, more parasitized or younger than their siblings, and body condition and prey delivery rates
of their parents did not differ from those of other parents. In the foster nest, adopted nestlings did not benefit from higher
feeding rates or a prolongation of the nestling period. They did not have fewer nest-mates or achieve higher rank within the
new brood. Thus, adopted nestlings did not improve their body condition and survival. Adult lesser kestrels seemed unable
to finely discriminate beween their own and alien chicks. Foster parents bore the cost of an increase of prey delivery rates,
although it did not affect their survival or subsequent reproductive performance. Therefore, our results do not support the
intergenerational conflict hypothesis, and suggest that adoption in this species is non-adaptive. Traditionally, the lesser
kestrel bred in cliffs where movement among nest-sites was restricted. Nowadays, about half of the colonies are in tiled roofs
which facilitate nest-switching by nestlings. The high rate of adoptions may thus be explained as reproductive errors associated
with the recent occupation of a new breeding habitat.
Received: 3 May 1996 / Accepted after revision: 19 January 1997 相似文献
58.
Jeffrey Wielgus Manuela Gonzalez-Suarez David Aurioles-Gamboa Leah R Gerber 《Ecological applications》2008,18(5):1287-1296
A pressing need exists to develop new approaches for obtaining information on demographic rates without causing further threats to imperiled animal populations. In this paper, we illustrate and apply a data-fitting technique based on quadratic programming that uses stage-specific abundance data to estimate demographic rates and asymptotic population growth rates (lambda). We used data from seven breeding colonies of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Estimates of lambda were similar to those from previous studies relying on a diffusion approximation using trends in total abundance. On average, predicted abundances were within 24% of the observed value for the inverse estimation method and within 29% of the observed value for the diffusion approximation. Our results suggest that three of the seven populations are declining (lambda < 1), but as many as six may be at risk. Elasticity and sensitivity analyses suggest that population management in most sites should focus on the protection of adults, whose survival generally contributes the most to lambda. The quadratic programming approach is a promising noninvasive technique for estimating demographic rates and assessing the viability of populations of imperiled species. 相似文献
59.
The study of sexual segregation has received increasing attention over the last two decades. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the existence of sexual segregation, such as the "predation risk hypothesis," the "forage selection hypothesis," and the "activity budget hypothesis." Testing which hypothesis drives sexual segregation is hampered, however, by the lack of consensus regarding a formal measurement of sexual segregation. By using a derivation of the well-known chi-square (here called the sexual segregation and aggregation statistic [SSAS]) instead of existent segregation coefficients, we offer a reliable way to test for temporal variation in the occurrence of sexual segregation and aggregation, even in cases where a large proportion of animals are observed alone. A randomization procedure provides a test for the null hypothesis of independence of the distributions of males and females among the groups. The usefulness of SSAS in the study of sexual segregation is demonstrated with three case studies on ungulate populations belonging to species with contrasting life histories and annual grouping patterns (isard, red deer, and roe deer). The existent segregation coefficients were unreliable since, for a given value, sexual segregation could or could not occur. Similarly, the existent segregation coefficients performed badly when males and females aggregated. The new SSAS was not prone to such limitations and allowed clear conclusions regarding whether males and females segregate, aggregate, or simply mix at random applicable to all species. 相似文献
60.
Joan Navarro Maite Louzao José Manuel Igual Daniel Oro Antonio Delgado José Manuel Arcos Meritxell Genovart Keith A. Hobson Manuela G. Forero 《Marine Biology》2009,156(12):2571-2578
Pelagic seabirds obtain food from oceans where the availability of their prey changes rapidly both seasonally and spatially.
Here, we investigated changes in the trophic habits of the critically endangered Balearic shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) through the breeding season and tested for dietary differences between sexes and age classes. We analysed δ15N and δ13C values in blood of adults during the pre-incubation, incubation and chick-rearing periods and of their chicks. Using a two-isotope
mixing model, we estimated dietary contributions based on isotope values from potential prey species which included small
pelagic species available naturally and demersal fish species available only from trawling discards. Balearic shearwaters
showed clear isotopic and dietary variation through the breeding season. During pre-incubation, breeding adults appeared to
exploit demersal fish, whereas during the incubation and chick-rearing period, they fed mainly on pelagic anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and pilchards (Sardina pilchardus). Similarly, chicks were fed mainly with anchovies, a resource with a high energetic value. This variation in the dietary
habits of adult shearwaters during the breeding season was probably related to both natural and fishery-induced seasonal changes
in the availability of potential prey species within their main feeding grounds. However, changes in the nutritional requirements
of the shearwaters could also play an important role. Indeed, diet differed between sexes during pre-incubation: females fed
less on trawling discards and more on small pelagic fish than males. This sexual segregation in diet could be the consequence
of higher nutritional requirements of females during this period. Our study reveals the differential importance of both trawling
discards and small pelagic fish species for a pelagic seabird depending on the breeding period and illustrates the importance
of considering the entire breeding season when making inferences about the importance of specific prey in seabird dietary
studies. 相似文献