地震作用下三维抗滑桩加固土质边坡稳定性分析∗

基于三维抗滑桩加固边坡稳定性极限分析法,采用拟静力法分别对水平地震作用和竖向地震作用下的三维抗滑桩加固边坡稳定性进行了分析,得到以下结论:在水平地震力作用下,边坡的三维效应(限制宽度B/H)对抗滑桩的最有效位置几乎没有影响,但在较大水平地震强度下,最有效的桩位置更靠近边坡顶部;竖向地震力方向向下时(kv0),竖向地震强度绝对值|kv|越大,边坡临界滑动面会变浅,坡顶的破坏区域变小,最有效的桩位置随宽高比B/H的减小而越来越远离坡顶,但当竖向地震力方向向上时(kv0),竖向地震强度绝对值|kv|越大,边坡临界滑动面会变深,坡顶的破坏区域变大,最有效的桩位置随宽高比B/H的减小而越来越接近坡顶,并且三维边坡的安全系数要远大于二维解。     

城市交通诱发地面振动测试时域分析

针对日益严重的城市交通所引起的环境振动问题,主要基于广州火车站附近高架路诱发沿线地面振动的现场实测,并包括动车组通过时的测试,通过对实测数据进行深入分析,总结出高架路诱发环境振地的传播规律,在最小二乘准则条件下,提出了更加符合环境振动实际传播特征的衰减经验公式。分析结果表明:竖向振动幅值高出水平向较多,在评价环境振动时,应以竖向振动为主;高架路诱发环境振动和动车组诱发环境振动均呈现脉冲响应特征;高架路诱发环境振动随距桥墩距离增加,脉冲响应特征快速消失,而动车组诱发环境振动的这个特征则相对不明显;存在局部振动放大区域;相比传统经验衰减公式,本文提出的环境振动经验衰减公式更能反映实际环境振动波的传播特点。     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性,最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准.     

Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10⁷ US/PJ and 4.26×10 < sup > 8 < /sup > US/PJ and 4.26×10⁸ US/TgCO₂eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energyrelated eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10⁷ US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10 < sup > 4 < /sup > US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10⁴ US/GgCO₂eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of ecoefficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.     

Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China: A review and outlook

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China, and for regulatory and control purposes. This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years. China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort. The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved, and a technical & production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated. It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.     

Key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents in China

Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment. The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and property. This paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent years.With decades of effort, China has made significant progress in em...     

毒气泄漏场景下基于蒙特卡罗的工厂布局研究

由于在工业生产中使用危险化学品会引起各种工业事故的发生,为了减小事故风险,降低由此产生的经济损失,必须将安全问题考虑在内,对工厂进行合理布局。采用蒙特卡罗模拟技术,研究某生产设施发生有毒气体泄漏的场景下,气象条件的不确定性对工厂布局的影响。以风向、风速及大气稳定性作为随机变量,通过扩散模型、概率函数和蒙特卡罗模拟得到中毒死亡概率。将上述随机方法应用在天津某个处于规划布局阶段的工厂内,以氨气泄漏为例,根据该地区常年风向分布及所得风险等值线图对工厂设施布局提出建议。案例分析表明:该工厂需要进行重新布局,应将受体设施布置在风险较小、风频较小的方位上;同时该随机方法能够为工厂布局提供决策支持。     

苯暴露的致癌风险评价

为建立苯暴露风险的定量研究方法,利用生理药代动力学(PBPK)模型与剂量—反应关系,进行苯暴露的致癌风险评价。采用美国环保署推荐的PBPK模型模拟软件,计算苯经吸收转化后进入人体的数据。将模拟得到的内剂量代入致癌风险计算公式中,得到苯暴露的致癌风险,并利用蒙特卡洛模拟方法确定风险概率分布,进行不确定性分析。最后将此健康风险评价方法应用于天津某大型石油化工企业,分析工人苯暴露下的致癌风险。结果表明,工人苯暴露的致癌风险明显超过了最大可接受风险值1×10-4,需要采取相关措施降低风险。     

基于能力谱的地震建筑破坏造成人员伤亡评估

为准确计算地震导致的人员伤亡数量,提高灾后应急保障及救援效率,根据能力谱方法计算建筑物的损坏程度,在此基础上计算相应人员伤亡数量。采用SELENA软件中能力谱方法的计算公式,利用Matlab软件编程得到建筑物破坏及人员伤亡计算程序,计算8度地震条件下建筑物不同破坏状态的概率。根据HAZUS软件中建筑物破坏和人员伤亡关系,计算地震发生在02∶00,14∶00和17∶00时不同伤亡等级的伤亡人数。计算结果表明,多数伤者为轻伤,只需基本药物及简单治疗;地震导致的钢筋混凝土建筑破坏是造成人员伤亡的主要原因;能力谱方法可为震后物质配置及震前防灾规划提供决策支持。     

烟根腐解物对烟草生长的影响

烟草生产过程中会产生大量烟草残体,为了研究烟草残体对烟草生长的影响,将烟根、水稻土和无菌水按一定比例混合后,在适当条件下培养得到烟根腐解物.将烟根腐解物按不同的施用量设置6个处理组,并以未施用烟根腐解物组作为对照,分别在烟草生长的团棵期、旺长期和成熟期测定烟草的农艺性状、根系活力、硝酸还原酶(nitrate reduc...