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101.
Morello Thiago Fonseca da Silva e Silva Luís Fernando 《Environmental Economics and Policy Studies》2023,25(2):115-142
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - To test if tax return can effectively and efficiently increase the acceptance of externality taxation, a laboratory experiment with a negative... 相似文献
102.
Teresa Moreno Marco Pandolfi Xavier Querol Javier Lavín Andrés Alastuey Mar Viana Wes Gibbons 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(2):173-183
Purpose
Industrial emissions can raise urban background levels of inhalable Mn particles in an order of magnitude above normal, eclipsing the contribution made by natural sources and traffic. 相似文献103.
Norma Estrada Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo Gerardo Contreras Felipe Ascencio 《Marine Biology》2010,157(6):1401-1415
In general, bivalves are not affected by exposure to toxic dinoflagellates that produce paralyzing shellfish poisons (PSP).
After injection with PSP extracted from the Gymnodinium catenatum, Nodipecten subnodosus is paralyzed, indicating that PSP provokes effects similar to what is observed in vertebrates, including paralysis and metabolic
stress. To investigate the processes involved in poisoning by PSP, lions-paw scallops were injected with gonyautoxin (GTX)
2/3 epimers in the adductor muscle. Mild doses provoked adductor muscle contractions and paralysis, mantle retraction, and
incapacity of shell closure, but scallops gradually recovered in a clear, dose-time recovery pattern. With high doses of GTX
2/3, scallops were permanently paralyzed, and hemocytes in hemolymph were reduced. Surprisingly, under these conditions, scallops
continued normal feeding and did not show any microscopic defect in intestine or gills, but hemocytes infiltrated the adductor
muscle and abnormal vitellogenesis and mantle melanization occurred. Paralysis stress was accompanied by negative scallop
responses, based on visible effects, generation of nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and changes in antioxidant and hydrolytic
enzymes in hemocytes and tissues. These data can be used to understand potential side effects of PSP in bivalves. 相似文献
104.
105.
Andrés Pérez-parada Joaquín González Lucía Pareja Lucía Geis-Asteggiante Marcos Colazzo Silvina Niell 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):796-803
In order to evaluate the extraction of pesticide residues that are transferred to the brew during mate drinking process of P.U.1 yerba mate leaves (Ilex paraguariensis), a special device to simulate the way in which mate is drunk in Uruguay was developed. The transfer to the brew of 12 organophosphates, 5 synthethic pyrethroids and one organochlorine pesticide from spiked samples was studied. The relationship between the transfer data thus obtained and physicochemical properties like water solubility (Ws), octanol-water coefficient (Kow) and Henry's constant (H) was evaluated. The extractability of the pesticide residues from yerba mate can be correlated with log Ws and log Kow. These transfer values allowed the calculation of ARLs (acceptable residue level) for the pesticides following Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organizaion (WHO) guidelines. These results can help the future establishment of maximum residue levels (MRLs) 相似文献
106.
Wagner G. Moravia Míriam C.S. Amaral Liséte C. Lange 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(1):89-101
A high content of refractory organic matter, ammonia and toxic compounds is characteristic of landfill leachate. Advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) are an attractive alternative for landfill leachate treatment. However, when applied as a unique process treatment, they do not provide a complete solution for the effluent treatment. Combining AOP with a membrane separation process (MSP) presents a number of benefits and provides an adequate solution for this problem. With this in mind, the present work aims to evaluate, using a bench scale, leachate treatability through AOP by Fenton’s reagent (AOP/Fenton) combined with microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF). A high efficient removal of COD (63%), true color (76%) and humic substances (50%) was observed during AOP/Fenton under optimized conditions (1.7 g H2O2/g CODraw leachate; FeSO4·7H2O:H2O2 = 1:5.3; pH = 3.8; reaction conditions = 115 rpm/28 min). According to the evaluated parameters, MSP presented an efficient complementary treatment, in which the integrity of the stages was sufficient for reaching regulatory levels in the effluent (Deliberação Normativa Conjunta COPAM/CERH-MG No. 1, May 5, 2008). 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Marcela Rodrigues De Camargo Luís Fernando Barbisan Meire França Martinez Carla Adriene Da Silva Franchi João Lauro Viana De Camargo Ana Lúcia Tozzi Spinardi-Barbisan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):607-613
The noxious effects of low or effective dose exposure to single or mixed pesticides on macrophage activity and the lymphohematopoietic organs were investigated. Male Wistar rats were orally exposed to dichlorvos, dicofol, endosulfan, dieldrin and permethrin, either as single or combined mixtures during a 28-day study containing eight groups: one group received a semipurified diet (non-treated); two groups received a semipurified diet containing low dose mixture (dieldrin 0.025 mg/kg, endosulfan, 0.6 mg/kg, dicofol 0.22 mg/kg, dichlorvos 0.23 mg/kg, permethrin 5 mg/kg) or an effective dose mixture (dichlorvos 2.3 mg/kg, dicofol 2.5 mg/kg, endosulfan 2.9 mg/kg, dieldrin 0.05 mg/kg and permethrin 25.0 mg/kg), respectively; the other five groups received a semipurified diet containing each single pesticide in effective doses. At sacrifice, the thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Payer's patches and bone marrow were removed for histological analysis. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained to determine the phagocytosis and spreading indexes and tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and H2O2 production. Exposure to pesticide mixtures did not alter the percentage of macrophage phagocytosis and spreading, TNF-α production or the NO and H2O2 release when compared to the non-treated group. Neither was there any apparent evidence that a pesticide mixture at low or effective doses altered the histological structure of the lymphohematopoietic organs. The findings indicate that short-term treatment with pesticide mixtures did not induce an apparent immunotoxic effect in male Wistar rats. 相似文献
110.
We explored the effect of varying pseudo-absence data in species distribution modelling using empirical data for four real species and simulated data for two imaginary species. In all analyses we used a fixed study area, a fixed set of environmental predictors and a fixed set of presence observations. Next, we added pseudo-absence data generated by different sampling designs and in different numbers to assess their relative importance for the output from the species distribution model. The sampling design strongly influenced the predictive performance of the models while the number of pseudo-absences had minimal effect on the predictive performance. We attribute much of these results to the relationship between the environmental range of the pseudo-absences (i.e. the extent of the environmental space being considered) and the environmental range of the presence observations (i.e. under which environmental conditions the species occurs). The number of generated pseudo-absences had a direct effect on the predicted probability, which translated to different distribution areas. Pseudo-absence observations that fell within grid cells with presence observations were purposely included in our analyses. We discourage the practice of excluding certain pseudo-absence data because it involves arbitrary assumptions about what are (un)suitable environments for the species being modelled. 相似文献