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91.
Kucklick JR Krahn MM Becker PR Porter BJ Schantz MM York GS O'Hara TM Wise SA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(8):848-854
Since 1987, the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) has collected tissues from 18 marine mammal species. Specimens are archived in the National Institute of Standards and Technology's National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NIST-NBSB). AMMTAP has collected blubber, liver and/or kidney specimens from a number of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the areas near Nome and Barrow, Alaska and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) from several locations in the Bering Sea. Thirty-three ringed seal and 15 walrus blubber samples from the NIST-NBSB were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The compounds determined included PCBs (28 congeners or congener groups), DDT and related compounds, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordanes, dieldrin, and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seal blubber were significantly higher in Barrow than in Nome when statistically accounting for the interaction of age and gender; HCB, however, was not statistically different between the two locations. Unlike males, POP concentrations and age were not significantly correlated in females probably as a result of lactational loss. POP concentrations in walrus blubber were lower than in ringed seal blubber for SigmaPCBs, chlordanes, and HCHs, but higher for dieldrin and mirex. POP concentrations in ringed seals and walrus from Alaska provide further evidence that the western Arctic tends to have lower or similar POP concentrations compared to the eastern Canadian Arctic. 相似文献
92.
Nkuba Michael Robert Chanda Raban Mmopelwa Gagoitseope Kato Edward Mangheni Margaret N. Lesolle David 《Environmental management》2020,65(4):500-516
Environmental Management - This paper investigates the influence of using indigenous forecasts (IF) and scientific forecasts (SF) on arable farmers’ adaptation methods in the Rwenzori region,... 相似文献
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95.
Vincent Wai Tsun Li Mei Po Mirabelle Tsui Xueping Chen Michelle Nga Yu Hui Ling Jin Raymond H. W. Lam Richard Man Kit Yu Margaret B. Murphy Jinping Cheng Paul Kwan Sing Lam Shuk Han Cheng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(9):8275-8285
The negative effects of overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in humans, including sunburn and light-induced cellular injury, are of increasing public concern. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), an organic chemical UV filter, is an active ingredient in sunscreen products. To date, little information is available about its neurotoxicity during early vertebrate development. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of 4-MBC in embryo medium for 3 days. In this study, a high concentration of 4-MBC, which is not being expected at the current environmental concentrations in the environment, was used for the purpose of phenotypic screening. Embryos exposed to 15 μM of 4-MBC displayed abnormal axial curvature and exhibited impaired motility. Exposure effects were found to be greatest during the segmentation period, when somite formation and innervation occur. Immunostaining of the muscle and axon markers F59, znp1, and zn5 revealed that 4-MBC exposure leads to a disorganized pattern of slow muscle fibers and axon pathfinding errors during the innervation of both primary and secondary motor neurons. Our results also showed reduction in AChE activity upon 4-MBC exposure both in vivo in the embryos (15 μM) and in vitro in mammalian Neuro-2A cells (0.1 μM), providing a possible mechanism for 4-MBC-induced muscular and neuronal defects. Taken together, our results have shown that 4-MBC is a teratogen and influences muscular and neuronal development, which may result in developmental defects. 相似文献
96.
Like many small-scale fishing communities around the world, the community of Buen Hombre in the Dominican Republic is dealing with a set of challenges to reconcile its fishing activities with the ecology on which it depends. Also like many such communities, this case has been examined at a particular period in time by a group of social scientists, but not over substantial lengths of time in order to examine the longitudinal validity of the conclusions made during this period. In this paper we combine data from previous anthropological work with our own primary social and ecological data to conduct a longitudinal case study of the Buen Hombre fishery. Our over-time comparison focuses on a suite of mostly social and institutional variables to explain what we find to be a continued degradation of the fishery, and we conclude the analysis by presenting a causal-loop diagram, summarizing our inferences regarding the complex interactions among these variables. We find that a mix of factors, notably changes in gear and fishing sites used, the number of fishermen and their livelihood diversity, as well as an increased connectivity between Buen Hombre and its external environment, have contributed to the decline of the condition of Buen Hombre coral reef fishery. We conclude with a discussion of what may lie ahead for this particular case and others like it. 相似文献
97.
Margaret A. Palmer Dennis P. Lettenmaier N. LeRoy Poff Sandra L. Postel Brian Richter Richard Warner 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1053-1068
Rivers provide a special suite of goods and services valued highly by the public that are inextricably linked to their flow
dynamics and the interaction of flow with the landscape. Yet most rivers are within watersheds that are stressed to some extent
by human activities including development, dams, or extractive uses. Climate change will add to and magnify risks that are
already present through its potential to alter rainfall, temperature, runoff patterns, and to disrupt biological communities
and sever ecological linkages. We provide an overview of the predicted impacts based on published studies to date, discuss
both reactive and proactive management responses, and outline six categories of management actions that will contribute substantially
to the protection of valuable river assets. To be effective, management must be place-based focusing on local watershed scales
that are most relevant to management scales. The first priority should be enhancing environmental monitoring of changes and
river responses coupled with the development of local scenario-building exercises that take land use and water use into account.
Protection of a greater number of rivers and riparian corridors is essential, as is conjunctive groundwater/surface water
management. This will require collaborations among multiple partners in the respective river basins and wise land use planning
to minimize additional development in watersheds with valued rivers. Ensuring environmental flows by purchasing or leasing
water rights and/or altering reservoir release patterns will be needed for many rivers. Implementing restoration projects
proactively can be used to protect existing resources so that expensive reactive restoration to repair damage associated with
a changing climate is minimized. Special attention should be given to diversifying and replicating habitats of special importance
and to monitoring populations at high risk or of special value so that management interventions can occur if the risks to
habitats or species increase significantly over time. 相似文献
98.
Margaret T. Crichton 《Safety Science》2009,47(3):330-336
This paper addresses the development of training in team-level decision making to lead to improvements in safety and performance. A one-day Workshop was developed around tactical decision games (TDGs) for use by action teams, i.e. involving a team of multi-disciplinary experts, in the oil and gas drilling industry. Three TDGs were conducted to help team members to rehearse how they would respond to potential challenging situations, focusing in particular on team skills, such as decision making, situation awareness and communication. TDGs have previously been presented as a useful training technique to improve decision making and have been introduced in many high hazard industries [Crichton, M., Flin, R., Rattray, W.A., 2000. Training decision makers – tactical decision games. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 8(4), 208–217]. Building on TDGs for individuals, in a team-based TDG, team members discuss the scenario and reach a team-based solution, allowing team members to recognise the potential differing perspectives brought to the solution by team members from different disciplines. Specific team skills aspects raised during the TDG scenario were then generalised to the wider project, and their impact on overall team performance, safety, and effectiveness. Members of a deepwater exploration wells team (n = 30) attended the Workshop and reported that the use of TDGs in the Workshop was valuable in defining and illustrating team skills and their influence on team performance, and helping to prepare better for their forthcoming operations. 相似文献
99.
Sujeeva Setunge Kee Kong Wong Margaret Jollands 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2009,9(5-6):485-494
Annually, sawmills and other wood-processing factories generate a significant amount of scrap materials which are sent to landfills or incinerated. The amount of residue generated in Australia annually is estimated at 200,000 tonnes. A research project conducted at RMIT University explored utilizing these waste materials as particleboard furnish. The research team has now established a methodology for making particleboard in the laboratory using 100% hardwood sawmill residues, developing a particleboard product made in the laboratory which has acceptable mechanical properties and density profiles in accordance with the Australian Standards. However, this board product has some perceived issues which have been hindering ready commercial uptake. The current product requires a 10% higher resin load, has a 10% higher board density, and requires 10% longer pressing times compared to normal softwood particleboard. The paper presents an analysis of the current production process of particleboard to investigate the economic feasibility of particleboard production using hardwood sawmill residues. A major challenge in the analysis is converting the environmental benefit of utilizing large quantities of sawmill residue to a monetary term. Investigation of the global impact of particleboard by considering emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is also included. A comparison is presented between different methods of disposing wood residues to understand the environmental benefit of using hardwood residue in particleboard. 相似文献
100.
Assessing depleted uranium (DU) contamination of soil, plants and earthworms at UK weapons testing sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oliver IW Graham MC MacKenzie AB Ellam RM Farmer JG 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(7):740-748
Depleted uranium (DU) weapons testing programmes have been conducted at two locations within the UK. An investigation was therefore carried out to assess the extent of any environmental contamination arising from these test programmes using both alpha spectrometry and mass spectrometry techniques. Uranium isotopic signatures indicative of DU contamination were observed in soil, plant and earthworm samples collected in the immediate vicinity of test firing points and targets, but contamination was found to be localised to these areas. This paper demonstrates the superiority of the (235)U : (238)U ratio over the (234)U : (238)U ratio for identifying and quantifying DU contamination in environmental samples, and also describes the respective circumstances under which alpha spectrometry or mass spectrometry may be the more appropriate analytical tool. 相似文献