Chemical characteristics of cloudwater over Maoer Mountain district

Samples of cloudwater, rainwater and ambient aerosol were collected over Maoer Mountain in the northeast of Guangxi Province in March 1988. The pH value of cloudwater ranged from 3.37 to 6.20 with a mean value of 4.34. SO42- , NO3- , NH4+, Ca2+ and H+ were the principal ionic species of cloudwater. The advance of cold fronts into Maoer Mountain appeared to lead to higher major ionic concentration and acidity than that of warm fronts. The relative acidity and concentration of NO3- of cloudwater were much greater than that of aerosol samples. With the exception of. NO3- and H+, most of the concentration of SO42- and NH4+ in cloudwater came from the nucleation scavenging of aerosol. Gaseous nitric acid and organic acid from local may be one of the important source of cloudwater acidity. Compared with other sites, Maoer Mountain can be as a clean contrast station for studying acidic precipitation in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.     

嘉陵江上游流域主要环境问题及其对策

嘉陵江上游流域生态环境脆弱,存在着水土流失、山洪、泥石流、地方病和水质污染问题等环境问题。文章将重点阐述这些环境的性质、强度、分布规律及其危害,并据环境问题的区域分异特点划分出四个环境问题综合区。最后提出了环境问题的防治对策。     

Effects of mid-trimester induced abortion on the subsequent pregnancy

The outcome of the pregnancy following (a) a mid-trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) for fetal neural tube defect (NTD) (77 women=group 1); (b) mid-trimester TOP for fetal Down's syndrome (13 women=group 2); (c) delivery of a baby with NTD (119 women=group 3) was studied. The prenatal fetal loss was relatively high in all groups. In group 1 it was similar to that found in other studies after first trimester TOP, in group 2 it was associated with advanced maternal age and the unexpected finding in group 3 was not attributable to advanced maternal age. It is suggested that a previous NTD per se might increase the risk of fetal loss in the next pregnancy. A previous mid-trimester TOP for NTD was not associated with an increase in premature labour, small for dates babies or congenital abnormality in the next pregnancy, but there was a slight increase in the number of babies weighing less than 2500 g.     

城市草坪的生态热效益

分析了草坪的能量平衡机理以及与环境之间的热湿交换关系，说明了草坪对空气具有降温增湿作用。通过重庆市区一些草坪实测数据分析发现草坪日平衡温度与空气日平均温度相等，说明草坪与空气之间保持热量的生态平衡。     

有机污染物在多孔介质中的残留

土壤、地下水中的有机污染物主要以自由态、挥发态、溶解态和残留态等四种形态存在 ,其中残留态的部分是最难以去除的 ,残留量的多少是关系治理费用及治理时间长短的最关键因素。本文以柴油为代表 ,对地下水饱和区中有机物的残留进行了试验模拟 ,与非饱和区的残余饱和度进行了比较 ,揭示了饱和区中有机污染物残余的特点 ,并深入分析了其机理。结果表明 ,砂性介质中 ,地下水饱和区中有机污染物的残余饱和度显著大于非饱和区中的残余饱和度 ,因此可以有效地利用这一特性 ,通过降低地下水位使饱和区中部分残留态污染物转化为自由态 ,提高去除效率 ;与非饱和区中多孔介质粒径越小 ,残留量越大的特性相反 ,饱和区中测得的残余柴油饱和度随介质粒径的增大而增大。不同水位变动速度的试验结果表明 ,水位变动速度对粘性大于水的柴油的残余饱和度影响可以忽略不计。     

延迟焦化复合废水处理研究

通过自由沉降和离心分离试验结果的比较，考察了加热离心分离法处理炼油厂含油焦化废水脱除固体颗粒的效果。结果表明，加热离心分离法大大改善了含油焦化废水的脱水和脱固性能，在加热到６０～８０℃时，７５％以上的固体颗粒可被脱除     

改性催化裂化废催化剂吸附水中氨氮的研究

考察了振荡时期温度、ＰＨ吸附效果的影响，通过吸附热力学实验，探讨了吸附机理，结果表明，温度是影响吸附效果的主要因素；等温吸附规律可用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ模式和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ模式较好地描述；可能的吸附机理为：一是ＮＨ分子通过偶极力和氢键方面吸附，二是ＮＨ４通过离子交换面吸附。     

Prenatal application of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for identification of a mosaic Y-chromosome marker,IDIC(Yp)

An amniocentesis was performed at 13.3 weeks' gestation for advanced maternal age. A mosaic sex chromosome pattern was found: of 50 cells examined, 34 had a 45,X karyotype. In 14 cells with a modal number of 46, a recognizable Y was substituted by a small non-fluorescent marker. C-banding identified the marker as an isodicentric in 12 cells. In two cells, the non-fluorescent marker appeared to be monocentric and looked like a non-fluorescent del (Yq), but could have been an isodicentric Y with inactivation of one of the centromeres. Two cells with a modal number of 47 showed two copies of the monocentric marker. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with an alpha satellite Y-specific centromeric probe confirmed the Y-chromosome origin of the markers and allowed for more accurate prenatal diagnostic information.     

聚合铝的凝聚絮凝特征及作用机理

采用不同碱化度B(OH/Al)值的聚合铝和AlCl_3对高岭土悬浊液进行凝聚絮凝实验,同时测定电泳度及表面吸附特征,结合不同铝盐的化学形态分布,探讨聚合铝的高效凝聚作用原理.并求得表面吸附覆盖率,电位变化与形态分布间的定量关系,绘出聚合铝的凝聚区域图,对阐明聚合铝的作用机理提供了实验依据.     

蓟运河汞污染化学地理特征

通过对蓟运河汞污染化学地理研究,查清了河水沉积物中汞和甲基汞的含量范围,水平和垂直变化,以及空间分布;研究了汞存在的形态;揭示了汞在河流中的富集区;作出了河流汞污染状况的分区,初步提出了治理河道汞污染的途径。