生态环境监测中高锰酸盐指数测定影响因素分析研究

文中从水浴时间、计时开始方式和溶液酸度3个方面,对环保部标准样品研究所低、中、高3个已知浓度标准样品进行实验分析。结果表明,在加入5 mL 1+3硫酸,从每锅第一个样品放入水浴锅开始计时和最佳水浴时间为29 min条件下,所测定的高锰酸盐指数值具有较高的准确度和精密度。     

改性PVDF中空纤维膜处理压裂返排液研究

针对中空纤维膜应用于水力压裂返排液处理时存在的膜污染严重、通量衰减快、影响处理效率等问题,研究了PVDF固含量、凝固浴温度等因素对PVDF膜性能的影响,通过非溶剂致相分离法制备了PVDF中空纤维膜,并采用表面接枝技术,对PVDF中空纤维膜进行了表面亲水化改性。压裂返排液吸附实验结果表明,表面接枝降低了PVDF的接触角,提高了膜的亲水性。与未接枝改性的PVDF膜相比,亲水改性后的PVDF膜表面吸附的压裂返排液更少。将亲水性中空纤维膜用于页岩气水力压裂返排液的过滤处理,应用结果表明其对压裂返排液中的总铁、SS、浊度、细菌去除率达到90%以上,长时间运行后的通量保持率高,有较好的抗膜污染性。     

Remote sensing estimation of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from GOCI measurements in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the main constituent of dissolved organic matter (DOM), also a key indicator of water quality conditions....     

一体化设备在农村生活污水治理中的应用

随着中国农村经济的发展,生活污水排放量的日益增长,农村水环境治理成为新农村建设亟需解决的主要问题之一。本文分析了我国农村生活污水治理现状及水质水量特点,着重探讨了一体化设备在农村生活污水治理中的优势,可为加快推进其在农村生活污水治理中的应用提供参考。     

VOCs催化燃烧的非贵金属催化剂研究进展

挥发性有机化合物（ VOCs） 是大气污染的主要来源之一，催化燃烧是有效的VOCs处理技术，而非贵金属催化剂是催化燃烧技术研究的热点。综述了多种结构形式的非贵金属催化剂的种类、活性组分及其催化性能的研究进展，探讨了水含量、杂质气体等因素对催化剂活性的影响。指出：将催化剂的制备和机理研究与实际应用中的工艺计算和设计相结合，开发用于VOCs催化燃烧的高活性、高稳定性、价格低廉的催化材料和工艺是今后的研究方向。     

Toxicity assessment of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent by an integrated biomarker response in the liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

In this study, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was exposed to the increasing concentrations of municipal sewage treatment plant effluent (MSTPE) for 15 days, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), together with the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver of C. auratus were investigated. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) approach was applied to assess the adverse effects of MSTPE in freshwater. The aim of the study was to provide an effective biological indicator for evaluating the toxicity effects and ecological risks of MSTPE in the freshwater environment quantitatively. Results showed that MSTPE could cause oxidative damage to the liver of C. auratus, which reflected through the increasing MDA content over the exposure period. MSTPE also led to the biochemical responses of antioxidant defense in C. auratus liver, such as the enhancement of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as the inhibition of AChE activity and GSH content. It was found that MDA, SOD, GPx, and GSH could be used as the biomarkers for reflecting the adverse effects of MSTPE in the receiving freshwater on the 12th day of exposure. A significant increase of IBR values was observed as the increasing concentration of MSTPE, and the IBR values presented a significant positive correlation (r?=?0.891, P?<?0.05) with the increasing concentrations of MSTPE, indicating that IBR approach is a promising tool for assessing the toxicity effects of MSTPE in environmental freshwater.

     

基于广义马尔可夫过程的多部件并联可修复系统稳态可用度分析

基于广义马尔可夫过程的可修复系统可用度解析表达式求解较难。因此,值得探索,本文所研究的并联可修复系统由n个同型部件构成,且部件平均故障间隔时间分布服从指数分布,故障后修复时间分布服从一般连续型分布。运用补充变量法,建立基于广义马尔可夫过程的可修复系统可用度计算模型,得到系统的偏微分-积分方程组,经过拉普拉斯变换,得到系统可用度稳态解析表达式。     

国内外煤化工行业污染物排放标准研究及启示

系统分析了煤化工行业的产排污情况,梳理了国内外相关排放标准。结果表明:国内仅焦化等部分工序有行业排放标准,其余工序目前执行水或大气的综合排放标准,其污染物项目不能全面反映煤化工行业的污染特征,急需制定煤化工行业污染物排放标准;国外相关标准情况与国内类似,无直接借鉴意义。建议:合理界定煤化工排放标准的适用范围,与其他排放标准协调配套,控制整个行业的污染物排放;针对大气污染物,明确各排放口的特征污染物,结合综合指标和高毒性物质指标进行挥发性有机物的排放控制;针对水污染物,引入综合毒性指标以有效控制废水中有毒有害污染物排放的环境风险。     

Identifying factors that influence soil heavy metals by using categorical regression analysis: A case study in Beijing,China

A method was proposed to identify the main influence factors of soil heavy metals. The influence degree of different environmental factors was ranked. Parent material, soil type, land use and industrial activity were main factors. Interactions between some factors obviously affected soil heavy metal distribution. Identifying the factors that influence the heavy metal contents of soil could reveal the sources of soil heavy metal pollution. In this study, a categorical regression was used to identify the factors that influence soil heavy metals. First, environmental factors were associated with soil heavy metal data, and then, the degree of influence of different factors on the soil heavy metal contents in Beijing was analyzed using a categorical regression. The results showed that the soil parent material, soil type, land use type, and industrial activity were the main influencing factors, which suggested that these four factors were important sources of soil heavy metals in Beijing. In addition, population density had a certain influence on the soil Pb and Zn contents. The distribution of soil As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was markedly influenced by interactions, such as traffic activity and land use type, industrial activity and population density. The spatial distribution of soil heavy metal hotspots corresponded well with the influencing factors, such as industrial activity, population density, and soil parent material. In this study, the main factors affecting soil heavy metals were identified, and the degree of their influence was ranked. A categorical regression represents a suitable method for identifying the factors that influence soil heavy metal contents and could be used to study the genetic process of regional soil heavy metal pollution.     

Occurrence,spatial distribution,source, and ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in Dongting Lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The occurrence, distribution, sources, and ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides in Dongting Lake of China were investigated. The average...