含有机物铁泥的超临界水氧化法资源化

氨基染料生产过程中产生大量含有机物的铁泥,对环境造成严重污染并造成资源的极大浪费.利用超临界水氧化法对含有机物铁泥进行资源化处理研究,并对产物进行了X射线衍射分析（XRD）、色差实验与电子探针分析.研究结果显示,用超临界水氧化法处理铁泥可以将铁泥中所含的有机物完全氧化,真正实现环境友好;超临界水首先将铁泥氧化成α-Fe2O3与γ-Fe2O3,再经过800℃煅烧后可以作为氧化铁红颜料使用;超临界反应压力对样品的晶型与颜色影响不大.     

Lead (Pb) exposure and heart failure risk

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with widespread industrial use, but it is also a widespread environmental contaminant with serious toxicological...     

Yield gap analysis of major food crops in Pakistan: prospects for food security

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concept of yield gap analysis can be used to meet the growing demands for agricultural products. Sustainable development goals (e.g. SDG1 and...     

安全评价、事故隐患排查、安全生产标准化的关系

以"安全第一,预防为主,综合治理"安全生产方针为依据,从认识论、方法论、实践论3个角度,论述安全评价、事故隐患排查与安全生产标准化之间的关系,即:安全评价是贯彻落实"安全第一"方针,提倡以人为本、关爱生命的体现;事故隐患排查是贯彻落实"预防为主"方针、居安思危、防范未然、以唯物辩证法进行事故预防的体现;安全生产标准化是贯彻落实"综合治理"方针,提倡天时、地利、人和,尊重科学,着眼未来,构建和谐社会的体现。     

新型L沸石在FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂中的应用研究

采用等体积浸渍法,制备了一系列含有相同含量活性组分(MoO3、CoO和NiO)不同USL沸石含量的加氢脱硫催化剂。通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附脱附、吡啶红外(Py-FTIR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等分析方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明:与Cat.0(参比剂,仅以γ-Al2O3为载体)相比,添加USL沸石催化剂所得加氢油的烯烃含量、芳烃含量和研究法辛烷值(RON)均增加;仅当催化剂载体中USL沸石加量在0~40m%之间变化时,加氢油的异构烷烃含量呈上升趋势;而当载体中USL沸石添加量在0~20m%之间变化时,催化剂的脱硫率有所升高。综合对比,当载体中USL沸石添加量约为40m%,催化剂具有最佳的综合性能指标,脱硫率达90%,RON损失仅为1.5左右。     

煤化工煤焦油逸出废气回收利用技术研究

通过对河北省秦皇岛市耀华玻璃工业园有限公司地下300m,储油罐煤焦油逸出废油气进行实验室模拟实验,现场实际工程设计、制造、安装、调试、检验等实践研究,采用“冷凝＋自激吸收器＋吸收＋活性炭吸附”油气处理回收技术,并独创了自激吸收器新技术,处理后的煤焦油逸出废气完全达到了国家《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》（GB16171—2012）的相关要求。     

Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development. •Water resource conservation drives industrial transformation. •Synergy between economic development and environmental protection is achieved. •Regional collaboration over water could promote sustainable development in drylands. Water resource availability is the major limiting factor for sustainable development in drylands. Climate change intensifies the conflicting water demands between people and the environment and highlights the importance of effective water resource management for achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection. In 2008, Inner Mongolia, typical dryland in northern China, proposed strict regulations on water exploitation and utilization aimed at achieving sustainable development. Our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness and performance of these long-standing water conservation regulations. Our analyses found that the regulations drove industrial transformation, evidenced by the decreasing proportion of environmentally harmful industries such as coal and steel, and the increasing proportion of tertiary industries (especially tourism). Following industrial transformation, economic development decoupled from industrial water consumption and subsequently led to reduced negative environmental impacts. Based on these results, adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities by revealing and integrating their development pathways and relative status in achieving sustainable development. Integration and cooperation between cities were proposed, e.g., a water trade agreement between eastern Inner Mongolia (an economically underdeveloped region with relatively abundant water resources) and central Inner Mongolia (an economically developed region with high water stress). Such an agreement may enable the holistic achievement of sustainable development across regions. By integrating the findings of our research, our study presents a reproducible framework for water-management-based sustainable development strategies in drylands.     

中国水泥工业节能减排效果分析及对策研究

根据水泥工业大气污染物排放的数学模型;测算2005年-2011年中国水泥工业二氧化碳(CO2)、氮氧化物(NO2)、二氧化硫(SO2)、颗粒物(PM)和氟化物(F)等污染物排放量,分析节能减排的效果并提出解决问题的对策。结果表明:水泥工业CO2排放量逐年增长,并且与水泥产量和单位产品综合能耗呈线性关系;原料煅烧和能源利用过程CO2排放量分别占56%和44%;单位水泥产品CO2排放强度由0.68 t·t-1下降到0.58 t·t-1,相当于每年节约标准煤682×104t、减少CO2排放共计1.03×108t。NO2排放量分别是SO2、PM、F的4、7、160倍。发展新型干法技术、建设烟气脱硝装置、协同处置固体废物是水泥工业未来节能减排的发展方向。     

铜绿假单胞菌负载Fe(III)对水中六价铬的生物吸附性能研究

采用原位沉积技术将Fe（Ⅲ）负载于铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa,简称Pa）表面制备了Fe（Ⅲ）与细菌的复合体（Fe-Pa）,研究了Fe-Pa对水溶液中Cr（VI）的吸附特性,探讨了最佳合成条件、Fe-Pa投加量、溶液pH值、时间和Cr（VI）初始浓度等因素对Cr（VI）吸附效果的影响,同时利用SEM、FT-IR、XPS和Zeta电位对Fe-Pa进行表征分析.吸附实验结果显示,Fe（Ⅲ）浓度为600 mg·L^-1、细菌投加量为0.5 g·L^-1制备的Fe-Pa效果最佳;Fe-Pa去除Cr（VI）适宜于酸性条件进行;Fe-Pa对Cr（VI）的吸附速率较快,60 min内可达到吸附平衡,为自发的吸热吸附,且符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温模型.表征结果表明,Fe（Ⅲ）成功地负载到铜绿假单胞菌上,为吸附Cr（VI）提供更多的活性位点,主要机制为静电吸附作用、络合作用和还原作用.经过4次吸附/再生后,Fe-Pa对Cr（VI）的吸附能力仍在72%以上,表明Fe-Pa具有较好的重复使用性.     

Assessment of cadmium exposure for neonates in Guiyu, an electronic waste pollution site of China

This study aimed to determine the levels of placental cadmium (PCd) and cord blood cadmium (CBCd) and the resulting expression of placental metallothionein (MT) in neonates and to investigate cadmium (Cd) exposure levels in neonates and mothers who live in Guiyu, China, an electronic waste (e-waste) pollution site. Among the 423 mothers included in the study from 2004/2005 to 2007, 289 lived in Guiyu (exposed group) and 134 lived in Chaonan, located 10 km away from Guiyu (controls) and had never been exposed to e-waste pollution. CBCd and PCd levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Placental MT was examined by immunohistochemistry. Information on maternal and neonatal characteristics and exposure conditions was obtained from hospital records and by personal interviews. For the 3 years, the median CBCd was higher for Guiyu neonates than for controls (3.61 vs. 1.25 ??g/L), with 25.61% of Guiyu subjects exhibiting a median CBCd that exceeded the safety limit defined by the World Health Organization (5 ??g/L), as compared with 14.18% of control neonates (p < 0.01). In Guiyu, the mean PCd was higher than that for controls (0.17 ± 0.48 vs. 0.10 ± 0.11 ??g/g, p ?? 0.01). The high levels of CBCd and PCd were significantly associated with parents?? occupational and environmental exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants. Staining for MT was positive and dense for 67.00% (67/100) of Guiyu neonates as compared with 32.69% (17/52) of controls (p < 0.01). Exposure to e-waste recycling pollutants increased Cd exposure in neonates, which was accompanied by increased placental MT expression.